microcirculationРегионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляцияRegional blood circulation and microcirculation1682-66552712-9756Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University10.24884/1682-6655-2022-21-2-4-15microcirculation-1068Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSДисфункция эндотелия как типовое патологическое состояниеEndothelial dysfunction as the typical pathological statehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-6450ВласоваТ. И.VlasovaT. I.

Власова Татьяна Ивановна – д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой нормальной и патологической физиологии

430000, Россия, г. Саранск, ул. Большевистская, д. 68

Vlasova Tatyana I. – MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), docent, head of the Department of Normal and Pathological physiology

68, Bol’schevistskaya str., Saransk, Russia, 430000

v.t.i@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-2394ПетрищевН. Н.PetrishchevN. N.

Петрищев Николай Николаевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры патофизиологии с курсом клинической патофизиологии

197022, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8

Petrishchev Nikolay N. – MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Pathophysiology with the course of clinical pathophysiology, Head of the Center for Laser Medicine

6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russia, 197022

lazmed@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6951-7599ВласовТ. Д.VlasovT. D.

Власов Тимур Дмитриевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой патофизиологии с курсом клинической патофизиологии

197022, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8

Vlasov Timur D. – MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Pathophysiology with a course of clinical pathophysiology

6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, Russia, 197022

tvlasov@yandex.ruФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет имени Н. П. Огарева»РоссияN. P. Ogarev Mordovia State UniversityRussian FederationФедеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияPavlov UniversityRussian Federation202204072022212415Copyright © Власова Т.И., Петрищев Н.Н., Власов Т.Д., 20222022Власова Т.И., Петрищев Н.Н., Власов Т.Д.Vlasova T.I., Petrishchev N.N., Vlasov T.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1068

В обзоре рассмотрены следующие проблемы: механизмы формирования физиологического и патологического фенотипов эндотелия, участие эндотелия в гематоваскулярном гомеостазе, иммунных процессах, воспалении, системной воспалительной реакции. Обсуждается вопрос об обратимости эндотелиальной дисфункции, участии в гематоваскулярном гомеостазе, иммунных процессах воспаления, системной воспалительной реакции и т. д. Анализируется обоснованность широкого использования термина «эндотелиит» при описании дисфункции эндотелия при различных заболеваниях, в том числе при СОVID-19. Современные данные дают основание полагать, что эндотелиальная дисфункция – это своеобразное патологическое состояние, которое имеет как общие черты при многих заболеваниях, так и некоторые особенности в зависимости от доминирования того или иного фенотипа (при сепсисе, гиповолемическом шоке и т. д.). Обосновывается положение о дисфункции эндотелия как одном из универсальных механизмов эндогенизации и генерализации патологического процесса. Разработка методов целенаправленного влияния на фенотип и механизмы ремоделирования эндотелия – перспективное направление научных исследований.

The problems considered in the review are: mechanisms of formation of physiological and pathological endothelium phenotypes, endothelium involvment in hematovascular homeostasis, immune processes, inflammation, systemic inflammatory response. The reversibility of endothelial dysfunction, participation in hematovascular homeostasis, immune processes, inflammation, systemic inflammatory reaction, etc. are discussed. The validity conventional term «endotheliitis» for endothelial dysfunction in various diseases, including COVID-19 is analysed. We accept that endothelial dysfunction is a kind of pathological condition having both common features in many diseases and some features depending on the dominance of a particular phenotype (in sepsis, hypovolemic shock, etc.). The concept of endothelial dysfunction as the universal mechanism of endogenization and generalization of pathological process is proved. The development of methods affected on the phenotype and mechanisms of endothelial remodeling is a promising area of scientific research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.