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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2023-22-2-67-73</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-1195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СООБЩЕНИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MESSAGES FROM YOUNG SCIENTISTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механизмы нейрососудистого сопряжения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanisms of neurovascular coupling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черваев</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chervaev</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черваев Аль-Халим Амирович – студент</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chervaev Al-Khalim A. – student</p><p>2, Akkuratova str., Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">khalim.chervaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буцких</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butskih</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Буцких Максим Геннадьевич – студент</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Butskih Maxim G. – student</p><p>2, Akkuratova str., Saint Petersburg, 197341</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mbutskih@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галагудза</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galagudza</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галагудза Михаил Михайлович – д-р мед. наук, профессор и член-корр. РАН , директор института экспериментальной медицины, профессор кафедры патофизиологии с курсомклинической патофизиологии</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galagudza Michael M. – MD, Dr. of Med. Sci., Professor and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Science, Director of the Institute of Experimental Medicine; Professor at the Department of Pathophysiology</p><p>2, Akkuratova str., Saint Petersburg, 197341</p><p>6-8, L’va Tolstogo str., Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galagudza@almazovcentre.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre; Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>73</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черваев А.А., Буцких М.Г., Галагудза М.М., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черваев А.А., Буцких М.Г., Галагудза М.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chervaev A.A., Butskih M.G., Galagudza M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1195">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1195</self-uri><abstract><p>Головной мозг характеризуется хорошо развитой сосудистой сетью и потребляет значимую долю сердечного выброса относительно его массы. В норме метаболические потребности головного мозга существенным образом зависят от интенсивности функционирования различных его отделов, что требует постоянной регуляции уровня местного кровотока. С другой стороны, состояние системной гемодинамики может оказывать значительное влияние на органный кровоток. Более того, важность точной и оперативной регуляции мозгового кровотока определяется отсутствием запасов энергии или субстратов для ее автономного получения в нервной ткани и огромной ролью центральной нервной системы в обеспечении всех физиологических процессов. В связи с этим органный мозговой кровоток имеет сложные физиологические механизмы регуляции, реализующиеся на различных уровнях. При этом выделяют миогенные реакции, которые возникают при изменении степени растяжения гладкомышечных клеток сосудистой стенки под влиянием давления в просвете сосуда, а также под влиянием местных гуморальных воздействий, в том числе оказываемых метаболитами, на тонус сосудов на уровне нейрососудистой единицы. В настоящем обзоре детально рассмотрена роль нейрососудистой единицы в регуляции мозгового кровотока и обеспечении так называемого нейрососудистого сопряжения – гибкого динамического соответствия уровня локальной нейрональной активности и доставки кислорода и нутриентов. Продемонстрированы механизмы и существенное значение нейрососудистого сопряжения в регуляции локального мозгового кровотока, обеспечивающего развитие функциональной гиперемии, а также выполнении ряда других функций, таких как доставка и удаление метаболитов, регуляция температуры, образование цереброспинальной жидкости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The brain is characterized by a well-developed vascular network and consumes a significant proportion of cardiac output relative to its mass. Normally, the metabolic needs of the brain significantly depend on the intensity of the functioning of its various departments, which requires constant regulation of the level of local blood flow. On the other hand, the state of systemic hemodynamics can have a significant impact on organ blood flow. Moreover, the importance of accurate and prompt regulation of cerebral blood flow is determined by the lack of energy reserves or substrates for its autonomous production in the nervous tissue and the huge role of the central nervous system in ensuring all physiological processes. In this regard, the organ cerebral blood flow has complex physiological mechanisms of regulation, which are implemented at various levels. At the same time, myogenic reactions are isolated, which occur when the degree of stretching of the smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall changes under the influence of pressure in the lumen of the vessel, as well as under the influence of local humoral effects, including those exerted by metabolites, on vascular tone at the level of the neurovascular unit. This review considers in detail the role of the neurovascular unit in the regulation of cerebral blood flow and the provision of the so-called neurovascular conjugation – a flexible dynamic correspondence between the level of local neuronal activity and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients. The mechanisms and essential importance of neurovascular coupling in the regulation of local cerebral blood flow, which ensures the development of functional hyperemia, as well as the performance several other functions, such as the delivery and removal of metabolites, temperature regulation, and the formation of cerebrospinal fluid, are demonstrated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>головной мозг</kwd><kwd>регуляции мозгового кровотока</kwd><kwd>нейрососудистая единица</kwd><kwd>нейрососудистое сопряжение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>brain</kwd><kwd>regulation of cerebral blood flow</kwd><kwd>neurovascular unit</kwd><kwd>neurovascular interface</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Attwell D, Laughlin SB. An energy budget for signaling in the grey matter of the brain // J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2001;21(10):1133–1145. 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