<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2023-22-4-25-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-1243</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ (КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES (CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль протеинкиназы AMPK и отдельных компонентов MAPK/SAPK-сигнального пути в регуляции вазоактивных механизмов у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role of AMPK protein kinase and individual components of the MAPK/SAPK signaling pathway in the regulation of vasoactive mechanisms in patients with arterial hypertension</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2749-8366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Логаткина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Logatkina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Логаткина Анна Владимировна – врач терапевт, аспирант</p><p>248023, Россия, г. Калуга, ул. Степана Разина, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Logatkina Anna V. – therapist, postgraduate student</p><p>Кaluga </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-083X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Терехов Игорь Владимирович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней медицинского института</p><p>248023, Россия, г. Калуга, ул. Степана Разина, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Terekhov Igor V. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Docent, Candidate (PhD) of Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine</p><p>Кaluga </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-0937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Никифоров Виктор Сергеевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, декан медико-биологического факультета, профессор кафедры функциональной диагностики</p><p>191015, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, д. 15</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikiforov Viktor S. – Dr. med. Sci., Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Professor of the Department of Functional Diagnostics</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Калужский государственный университет имени К. Э. Циолковского» Министерства высшего образования и науки России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Кaluga State University named after k. E. Tsiolkowsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Северо-Западный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Логаткина А.В., Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Логаткина А.В., Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Logatkina A.V., Terekhov I.V., Nikiforov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1243">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1243</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Функциональное состояние иммунокомпетентных клеток (ИКК) играет важную роль в регуляции вазоактивных механизмов у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией (АГ). В свою очередь в регуляции метаболизма ИКК важную роль играет внутриклеточный молекулярный сенсор – аденозинмонофосфат-зависимая протеинкиназа (AMPK), контролирующая многочисленные внутриклеточные процессы, а также продукцию клетками биологически активных молекул в зависимости от их энергетического баланса. Учитывая целесообразность дальнейшего изучения особенностей иммунометаболических взаимодействий в патогенезе АГ, целью настоящего исследования являлась оценка взаимосвязи содержания в МНК протеинкиназы AMPK с состоянием MAPK/SAPK-сигнального пути, а также уровнем вазоактивных молекул и иммунорегуляторных факторов у пациентов с АГ. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 55 пациентов обоего пола с первичной АГ со средним и высоким сердечно-сосудистым риском в возрасте 47–67 лет. Контрольная группа состояла из 15 практически здоровых лиц с нормальным артериальным давлением. Материалом исследования служили образцы венозной крови, забиравшиеся у пациентов в день госпитализации. Результаты. Высокий уровень в МНК пациентов с АГ протеинкиназы AMPK, в сравнении с низким, был ассоциирован с увеличением продукции простагландина Е2, NO, а также ИЛ-4. В МНК отмечалось повышение содержания eNOS, протеинкиназы р38MAPK и БТШ90. На этом фоне имело место снижение продукции проИЛ-1, ИЛ-18, растворимой формы CD40L, содержания в МНК протеинкиназы JNK, p70-S6K1, БТШ70, iNOS. Выводы. Высокое содержание в МНК протеинкиназы AMPK способствует снижению их провоспалительной активации, стимулирует продукцию NO, ограничивает активность p38MAPK и JNK-зависимых сигнальных путей, способствуя нормализации внутриклеточного уровня eNOS, БТШ90 и продукции провоспалительных цитокинов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The functional state of immunocompetent cells (ICC) plays an important role in the regulation of vasoactive mechanisms in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). In turn, an important role in the regulation of ICC metabolism plays an intracellular molecular sensor, adenosine monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), which controls numerous intracellular processes as well as the production of biologically active molecules by cells depending on their energy balance. Aim: to assess the relationship between the content of AMPK protein kinase in MNCs and the state of the MAPK/SAPK signaling pathway as well as the level of vasoactive molecules and immunoregulatory factors in patients with hypertension. Materials and methods. We examined 55 patients of both sexes aged 47–67 years with primary hypertension with average and high cardiovascular risk. The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy individuals with normal blood pressure. The study material was venous blood samples taken from patients on the day of hospitalization. Results. The high level of protein kinase AMPK in the MNCs of patients with hypertension compared to the low level was associated with an increase in the production of prostaglandin E2, NO, and IL-4. An increase of eNOS, p38MAPK protein kinase, and HSP90 content was observed in MNCs. Along with this, there was a decrease in the production of proIL-1, IL-18, the soluble form of CD40L, and the content of protein kinase JNK, p70-S6K1, HSP70, and iNOS in MNCs. Conclusions. The high content of AMPK protein kinase in MNCs helps to reduce their pro-inflammatory activation, stimulates the production of NO, limits the activity of p38MAPK and JNK-dependent signaling pathways, promoting the normalization of the intracellular level of eNOS, HSP90 and the production of proinflammatory cytokines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>AMPK</kwd><kwd>MAPK/SAPK</kwd><kwd>p38MAPK</kwd><kwd>JNK</kwd><kwd>БТШ90</kwd><kwd>p70-S6K1</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>проИЛ-1</kwd><kwd>ИЛ-18</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>AMPK</kwd><kwd>p38MAPK</kwd><kwd>JNK</kwd><kwd>HSP90</kwd><kwd>p70-S6K1</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>proIL-1</kwd><kwd>IL-18</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кардиология. Национальное руководство / под ред. Шляхто Е.В. – 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. – М.: ГЭОТАРМедиа, 2022. – 800 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardiology. National leadership / eds by Shlyakhto EV. 2nd, rev. and exp. ed. Moscow, GEOTARMedia, 2022:800. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стаценко М.Е., Деревянченко М.В. Роль системного воспаления в снижении эластичности магистральных артерий и прогрессировании эндотелиальной дисфункции у больных артериальной гипертензией в сочетании с ожирением, сахарным диабетом 2 типа // Рос. кардиол. журн. – 2018. – № 4. – С. 32–36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stacenko ME, Derevyanchenko MV. The role of systemic inflammation in reducing the elasticity of the main arteries and the progression of endothelial dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension in combination with obesity, type 2 diabetes. Rossijskij kardiologicheskij zhurnal. 2018;(4):32-36. (in Russ.). Doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-20184-32-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артериальная гипертензия у взрослых. Клинические рекомендации 2020 // Рос. кардиол. журн. – 2020. – Т. 25, № 3. – С. 3786 (возможно, 37–86?).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines 2020. Russ J Cardiol. 2020;25(3):3786. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.15829/15604071-2020-3-3786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Симбирцев А.С. Цитокины в патогенезе и лечении заболеваний человека. – СПб.: ООО «Издательство Фолиант», 2018. – 512 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simbirtsev AS. Cytokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases. St-Petersburg, Foliant Publishing House, 2018:512. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Взаимосвязи между продукцией тимозина 1α и состоянием внутриклеточных сигнальных механизмов в мононуклеарных лейкоцитах периферической крови при артериальной гипертензии / Логаткина А.В., Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С., Бондарь С.С. // Патол. физиол. и эксперим. тер. – 2020. – Т. 64, №1. – С. 39–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Logatkina AV, Terekhov IV, Nikiforov VS, Bondar SS. Immunomodulating mechanisms for biological effect of thymosin 1α in arterial hypertension. Patologicheskaya Fiziologiya i Eksperimental′naya terapiya. 2020;64(1):39-46 (in Russ.). Doi:10 25557/0031-2991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Воспалительные цитокины и сигнальные системы мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови при ишемической болезни сердца / Логаткина А.В., Никифоров В.С., Бондарь С.С., Терехов И.В. // Клиническая медицина. – 2017. – Т. 95, №3. – С. 238–244.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Logatkina AV, Nikiforov VS, Bondar’SS, Terekhov IV. Inflammatory cytokines and signaling systems of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in coronary heart disease. Klinicheskaya medicina. 2017;95(3):238-244. (in Russ.). Doi: 10.12737/44351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Хадарцев А.А., Морозов В.Н., Хрупачев А.Г. Депрессия антистрессовых механизмов как основа развития патологического процесса // Фунд. иссл. – 2012. – Т. 4, № 2. – С. 371–375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadarcev AA, Morozov VN, Hrupachev AG. Depression of anti-stress mechanisms as the basis for the development of the pathological process. Fundamental′nye issledovaniya. 2012;4(2):371-375. (in Russ.). Doi: 10.1044/ k22571-005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарь С.С., Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С. Взаимосвязи компонентов JAK/STATи MAPK/SAPK-сигнальных путей, а также NF-kB и содержания в мононуклеарных клетках цельной крови тиоредоксинредуктазы в постклиническую стадию внебольничной пневмонии // Consilium Medicum. – 2018. – Т. 20, № 11. – С. 61–65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondar SS, Terekhov IV, Nikiforov VS. The relationship of JAK/STAT and MAPK/SAPK signaling pathways, NF-kB and content in the mononuclear cells of whole blood thioredoxins in the postclinical stage of community-acquired pneumonia. Consilium Medicum. 2018;20(11):61-65. (in Russ.). Doi: 10.26442/20 751753.2018.11.180091.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гаврилюк Е.В., Конопля А.И., Караулов А.В. Роль иммунных нарушений в патогенезе артериальной гипертонии // Иммунология. – 2016. – Т. 37, № 1. – 29–35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gavrilyuk EV, Konoplya AI, Кaraulov AV. Role of immune disturbances in the pathogenesis of the arterial hypertonia. Immunologiya. 2016;37(1):29-35. (in Russ.). Doi: 10.18821/0206-49522016-37-1-29-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радаева О.А., Симбирцев А.С. Уровни цитокинов в сыворотке крови у больных эссенциальной артериальной гипертензией (ЭАГ) II стадии и риск формирования метаболического синдрома (МС) // Рос. иммунол. журн. – 2019. – Т. 13, № 22. – С. 900–902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radaeva OA, Simbirtsev AS. Levels of peripheral blood cytokines and the risk for metabolic syndrome in patients with stage II essential hypertension. Russ J Immunol. 2019;13(22):900-902. (in Russ).. Doi: 10.31857/S102872210006549-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huang Yq, Jie L, Chen Jy. The relationship between soluble CD40 ligand level and atherosclerosis in white-coat hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2018;32:40-45. Doi: 10.1038/ s41371-017-0016-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huang Yq, Jie L, Chen Jy. The relationship between soluble CD40 ligand level and atherosclerosis in white-coat hypertension. J Hum Hypertens. 2018;32:40-45. Doi: 10.1038/ s41371-017-0016-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шевченко О.П., Природова О. Ф., Шевченко А.О. и др. Уровень в крови лиганда СD40 активность сосудистого воспаления и отдаленный прогноз у больных ишемической болезнью сердца. Кардиоваск. тер. и профил. – 2008. – Т. 7, №1. – С. 39–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shevchenko OP, Prirodova OF, Shevchenko AO, Orlova OV, Britov AN. The blood level of the CD40 ligand the activity of vascular inflammation and long-term prognosis in patients with coronary heart disease. Cardiovasc ther prevent. 2008;7(1):39-45. (in Russ)..</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodríguez C, Muñoz M, Contreras C, Prieto D. AMPK, metabolism, and vascular function. FEBS J. 2021; 288(12): 3746-3771. Doi: 10.1111/febs.15863.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodríguez C, Muñoz M, Contreras C, Prieto D. AMPK, metabolism, and vascular function. FEBS J. 2021; 288(12): 3746-3771. Doi: 10.1111/febs.15863.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andris F, Leo O. AMPK in lymphocyte metabolism and function. Int Rev Immunol. 2015;34(1):67-81. Doi: 10.3109/ 08830185.2014.969422.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andris F, Leo O. AMPK in lymphocyte metabolism and function. Int Rev Immunol. 2015;34(1):67-81. Doi: 10.3109/ 08830185.2014.969422.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blagih J, Coulombe F, Vincent EE, Dupuy F, GaliciaVázquez G, Yurchenko E, Raissi TC, van der Windt GJ, Viollet B, Pearce EL, Pelletier J, Piccirillo CA, Krawczyk CM, Divangahi M, Jones RG. The energy sensor AMPK regulates T cell metabolic adaptation and effector responses in vivo. Immunity. 2015;42(1):41-54. Doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blagih J, Coulombe F, Vincent EE, Dupuy F, GaliciaVázquez G, Yurchenko E, Raissi TC, van der Windt GJ, Viollet B, Pearce EL, Pelletier J, Piccirillo CA, Krawczyk CM, Divangahi M, Jones RG. The energy sensor AMPK regulates T cell metabolic adaptation and effector responses in vivo. Immunity. 2015;42(1):41-54. Doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abeyrathna P, Su Y. The critical role of Akt in cardiovascular function. Vasc Pharmacol. 2015;74:38-48. Doi: 10. 1016/j.vph.2015.05.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abeyrathna P, Su Y. The critical role of Akt in cardiovascular function. Vasc Pharmacol. 2015;74:38-48. Doi: 10. 1016/j.vph.2015.05.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pigarevskii PV, Maltseva SV, Snegova VA, Davydova NG. Role of interleukin-18 in destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque in humans. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014;157(6): 821-824.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pigarevskii PV, Maltseva SV, Snegova VA, Davydova NG. Role of interleukin-18 in destabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque in humans. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2014;157(6): 821-824.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplanski G. Interleukin-18: Biological properties and role in disease pathogenesis. Immunol Rev. 2018;281(1):138153. Doi: 10.1111/imr.12616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplanski G. Interleukin-18: Biological properties and role in disease pathogenesis. Immunol Rev. 2018;281(1):138153. Doi: 10.1111/imr.12616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mayer KA, Smole U, Zhu C, Derdak S, Minervina AA, Salnikova M, Witzeneder N, Christamentl A, Boucheron N, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Trauner M, Hoermann G, Schmetterer KG, Mamedov IZ, Bilban M, Ellmeier W, Pickl WF, Gualdoni GA, Zlabinger GJ. The energy sensor AMPK orchestrates metabolic and translational adaptation in expanding T helper cells. FASEB J. 2021;35(4):e21217. Doi: 10.1096/ fj.202001763RR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mayer KA, Smole U, Zhu C, Derdak S, Minervina AA, Salnikova M, Witzeneder N, Christamentl A, Boucheron N, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Trauner M, Hoermann G, Schmetterer KG, Mamedov IZ, Bilban M, Ellmeier W, Pickl WF, Gualdoni GA, Zlabinger GJ. The energy sensor AMPK orchestrates metabolic and translational adaptation in expanding T helper cells. FASEB J. 2021;35(4):e21217. Doi: 10.1096/ fj.202001763RR.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao Y, Hu X, Liu Y, Dong S, Wen Z, He W, Zhang S, Huang Q, Shi M. ROS signaling under metabolic stress: crosstalk between AMPK and AKT pathway. Mol. Cancer. 2017; 16(1):79. Doi: 10.1186/s12943-017-0648-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao Y, Hu X, Liu Y, Dong S, Wen Z, He W, Zhang S, Huang Q, Shi M. ROS signaling under metabolic stress: crosstalk between AMPK and AKT pathway. Mol. Cancer. 2017; 16(1):79. Doi: 10.1186/s12943-017-0648-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han Q, Zhang X, Xue R, Yang H, Zhou Y, Kong X, Zhao P, Li J, Yang J, Zhu Y, Guan Y. AMPK potentiates hypertonicity-induced apoptosis by suppressing NFκB/COX-2 in medullary interstitial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(10):18971911. Doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010080822.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han Q, Zhang X, Xue R, Yang H, Zhou Y, Kong X, Zhao P, Li J, Yang J, Zhu Y, Guan Y. AMPK potentiates hypertonicity-induced apoptosis by suppressing NFκB/COX-2 in medullary interstitial cells. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(10):18971911. Doi: 10.1681/ASN.2010080822.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawano Y, Sato H, Goto K, Nishida M, Nasu K. The inhibitory effect of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on chemokine and prostaglandin production in human endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2021;19(1):188. Doi: 10.1186/s12958-021-00867-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawano Y, Sato H, Goto K, Nishida M, Nasu K. The inhibitory effect of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on chemokine and prostaglandin production in human endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2021;19(1):188. Doi: 10.1186/s12958-021-00867-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Astakhova A, Chistyakov D, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Brüne B, Sergeeva M, Namgaladze D. Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation Modulate Astrocyte Inflammatory Responses through AMPK-Dependent Ptgs2 mRNA Stabilization. Cells. 2019;8(10):1185. Doi: 10.3390/cells8101185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astakhova A, Chistyakov D, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Brüne B, Sergeeva M, Namgaladze D. Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation Modulate Astrocyte Inflammatory Responses through AMPK-Dependent Ptgs2 mRNA Stabilization. Cells. 2019;8(10):1185. Doi: 10.3390/cells8101185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bae CH, Kim JW, Ye SB, Song SY, Kim YW, Park SY, Kim YD. AMPK induces MUC5B expression via p38 MAPK in NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;409(4):669-674. Doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bae CH, Kim JW, Ye SB, Song SY, Kim YW, Park SY, Kim YD. AMPK induces MUC5B expression via p38 MAPK in NCI-H292 airway epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;409(4):669-674. Doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Логаткина А.В., Никифоров В.С., Бондарь С.С. и др. Взаимосвязь экспрессии рецепторов 1-го типа к ангиотензину II и вазоактивных регуляторов при артериальной гипертензии. CardioСоматика. – 2020. – Т. 11, № 3. – С. 16–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Logatkina AV, Nikiforov VS, Bondar SS et al. Relationship between the expression of angiotensin II receptors type 1 and vasoactive regulators in arterial hypertension. Cardiosomatics. 2020;11(3):16-21. (in Russ.). Doi: 10.264 42/22217185.2020.3.200408.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aslam M, Ladilov Y. Emerging Role of cAMP/AMPK Signaling. Cells. 2022;11(2):308. Doi: 10.3390/cells11020308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aslam M, Ladilov Y. Emerging Role of cAMP/AMPK Signaling. Cells. 2022;11(2):308. Doi: 10.3390/cells11020308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ou H, Liu C, Feng W, Xiao X, Tang S, Mo Z. Role of AMPK in atherosclerosis via autophagy regulation. Sci China Life Sci. 2018;61(10):1212-1221. Doi: 10.1007/s11427-0179240-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ou H, Liu C, Feng W, Xiao X, Tang S, Mo Z. Role of AMPK in atherosclerosis via autophagy regulation. Sci China Life Sci. 2018;61(10):1212-1221. Doi: 10.1007/s11427-0179240-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang Q, Wang L, Wang S, Cheng H, Xu L, Pei G, Wang Y, Fu C, Jiang Y, He C, Wei Q. Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):78. Doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00925-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang Q, Wang L, Wang S, Cheng H, Xu L, Pei G, Wang Y, Fu C, Jiang Y, He C, Wei Q. Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):78. Doi: 10.1038/s41392-022-00925-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Использование радиоволнового зондирования водосодержащих сред миокарда у больных с артериальной гипертензией / Терехов И.В., Солодухин К.А., Никифоров В.С., Ломоносов А.В. // Рос. кардиол. журн. – 2013. – № 5 (103). – С. 40–43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terekhov IV, Solodukhin KA, Nikiforov VS, Lomonosov AV. Radiometry of water-containing myocardial tissue in patients with arterial hypertension. Russ J Cardiol. 2013;(5(103)):40-43. (in Russ.). Doi: 10. 15829/1560-4071-2013-5-40-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Логаткина А.В., Бондарь С.С., Никифоров В.С. и др. Роль антиоксидантов в регуляции воспалительного ответа клеток цельной крови на фоне их стимуляции митогенами и липополисахаридом // Вопросы биол., мед. и фарм. химии. – 2022. – № 4. – С. 29–39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Logatkina AV, Bondar SS, Nikiforov VS, Bondar NV, Terekhov IV, Parfenyuk VK. Features of the effect of antioxidant status on the production of cytokines and pro-inflammatory molecules under stimulation of human whole blood cells with mitogen and lipopolysaccharide. Problems of biol., med. and pharm. chemistry. 2022;(4):29-39. (in Russ.). Doi: 10.29296/25877313-2022-04-05.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терехов И.В., Солодухин К.А., Никифоров В.С. Особенности биологического эффекта низкоинтенсивного СВЧ-облучения в условиях антигенной стимуляции мононуклеаров цельной крови // Физиотерапевт. – 2013. – № 1. – С. 26–32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terekhov IV, Solodukhin KA, Nikiforov VS. Features of the biological effect of low-intensity microwave irradiation under conditions of antigenic stimulation of whole blood mononuclears. Physiotherapist. 2013;(1):26-32. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tavares MR, Pavan IC, Amaral CL, Meneguello L, Luchessi AD, Simabuco FM. The S6K protein family in health and disease. Life Sci. 2015;(131):1-10. Doi: 10.1016/j.lfs. 2015.03.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tavares MR, Pavan IC, Amaral CL, Meneguello L, Luchessi AD, Simabuco FM. The S6K protein family in health and disease. Life Sci. 2015;(131):1-10. Doi: 10.1016/j.lfs. 2015.03.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minamitani C, Tokuda H, Adachi S, MatsushimaNishiwaki R, Yamauchi J, Kato K, Natsume H, Mizutani J, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. p70 S6 kinase limits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblastlike cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;315(1-2):195-200. Doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.10.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minamitani C, Tokuda H, Adachi S, MatsushimaNishiwaki R, Yamauchi J, Kato K, Natsume H, Mizutani J, Kozawa O, Otsuka T. p70 S6 kinase limits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in osteoblastlike cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010;315(1-2):195-200. Doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.10.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martínez-Méndez D, Mendoza L, Villarreal C, Huerta L. Continuous Modeling of T CD4 Lymphocyte Activation and Function. Front Immunol. 2021;12:743559. Doi: 10.3389/ fimmu.2021.743559.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martínez-Méndez D, Mendoza L, Villarreal C, Huerta L. Continuous Modeling of T CD4 Lymphocyte Activation and Function. Front Immunol. 2021;12:743559. Doi: 10.3389/ fimmu.2021.743559.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y, Jia Y, Ning Y, Wen W, Qin Y, Zhang H, Du Y, Li L, Jiao X, Yang Y, Liu G, Huang M, Zhang M. TAK1-AMPK Pathway in Macrophages Regulates Hypothyroid Atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2021;35(3):599-612. Doi: 10.1007/s10557-020-06996-w.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y, Jia Y, Ning Y, Wen W, Qin Y, Zhang H, Du Y, Li L, Jiao X, Yang Y, Liu G, Huang M, Zhang M. TAK1-AMPK Pathway in Macrophages Regulates Hypothyroid Atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2021;35(3):599-612. Doi: 10.1007/s10557-020-06996-w.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Динамика проявлений метаболического синдрома у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией на фоне комплексного использования низкоинтенсивной микроволновой терапии / Хадарцев А.А., Логаткина А.В., Терехов И.В., Бондарь С.С. // Артериальная гипертензия. – 2018. – Т. 24, № 2. – С. 206–216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khadartcev AA, Logatkina AV, Terekhov IV, Bondar SS. Metabolic changes in hypertensive patients treated by low-intensity microwave therapy. Arterial Hypertension. 2018;24(2):206-216. (in Russ.). Doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2018-24-2-206-216.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang L, Yi Y, Guo Q, Sun Y, Ma S, Xiao S, Geng J, Zheng Z, Song S. Hsp90 interacts with AMPK and mediates acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation. Cell Signal. 2012; 24(4):859-865. Doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang L, Yi Y, Guo Q, Sun Y, Ma S, Xiao S, Geng J, Zheng Z, Song S. Hsp90 interacts with AMPK and mediates acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation. Cell Signal. 2012; 24(4):859-865. Doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.12.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roberts RJ, Hallee L, Lam CK. The Potential of Hsp90 in Targeting Pathological Pathways in Cardiac Diseases. J Pers Med. 2021;11(12):1373. Doi: 10.3390/jpm11121373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roberts RJ, Hallee L, Lam CK. The Potential of Hsp90 in Targeting Pathological Pathways in Cardiac Diseases. J Pers Med. 2021;11(12):1373. Doi: 10.3390/jpm11121373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y, Ge Z, Huang S, Zhou L, Zhai C, Chen Y, Hu Q, Cao W, Weng Y, Li Y. Delphinidin attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via the AMPK/NOX/MAPK signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(6):5362-5383. Doi: 10.18632/aging.102956.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y, Ge Z, Huang S, Zhou L, Zhai C, Chen Y, Hu Q, Cao W, Weng Y, Li Y. Delphinidin attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via the AMPK/NOX/MAPK signaling pathway. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(6):5362-5383. Doi: 10.18632/aging.102956.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nader N, Ng SS, Lambrou GI, Pervanidou P, Wang Y, Chrousos GP, Kino T. AMPK regulates metabolic actions of glucocorticoids by phosphorylating the glucocorticoid receptor through p38 MAPK. Mol Endocrinol. 2010;24(9):17481764. Doi: 10.1210/me.2010-0192.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nader N, Ng SS, Lambrou GI, Pervanidou P, Wang Y, Chrousos GP, Kino T. AMPK regulates metabolic actions of glucocorticoids by phosphorylating the glucocorticoid receptor through p38 MAPK. Mol Endocrinol. 2010;24(9):17481764. Doi: 10.1210/me.2010-0192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuan J, Dong X, Yap J, Hu J. The MAPK and AMPK signalings: interplay and implication in targeted cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol. 2020;13(1):113. Doi: 10.1186/s13045-020-00949-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuan J, Dong X, Yap J, Hu J. The MAPK and AMPK signalings: interplay and implication in targeted cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol. 2020;13(1):113. Doi: 10.1186/s13045-020-00949-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almeida L, Lochner M, Berod L, Sparwasser T. Metabolic pathways in T cell activation and lineage differentiation. Semin Immunol. 2016;28(5):514-524. Doi: 10.1016/j.smim. 2016.10.009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almeida L, Lochner M, Berod L, Sparwasser T. Metabolic pathways in T cell activation and lineage differentiation. Semin Immunol. 2016;28(5):514-524. Doi: 10.1016/j.smim. 2016.10.009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Han F, Li C-F, Cai Z et al. The critical role of AMPK in driving Akt activation under stress, tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4728. Doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07188-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Han F, Li C-F, Cai Z et al. The critical role of AMPK in driving Akt activation under stress, tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):4728. Doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-07188-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasanvand A. The role of AMPK-dependent pathways in cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: a new perspective for treatment and prevention of diseases. Inflammopharmacology. 2022;30(3):775-788. Doi: 10.1007/s10787022-00980-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasanvand A. The role of AMPK-dependent pathways in cellular and molecular mechanisms of metformin: a new perspective for treatment and prevention of diseases. Inflammopharmacology. 2022;30(3):775-788. Doi: 10.1007/s10787022-00980-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feng X, Chen W, Ni X, Little PJ, Xu S, Tang L, Weng J. Metformin, Macrophage Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:682853. Doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682853.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feng X, Chen W, Ni X, Little PJ, Xu S, Tang L, Weng J. Metformin, Macrophage Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Front Immunol. 2021;12:682853. Doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682853.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Day EA, Ford RJ, Steinberg GR. AMPK as a Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2017;28(8):545-560. Doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.05.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Day EA, Ford RJ, Steinberg GR. AMPK as a Therapeutic Target for Treating Metabolic Diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2017;28(8):545-560. Doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.05.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
