<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2023-22-4-74-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-1252</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ (ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES (EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Длительность системных нарушений вазомоторной функции эндотелия микрососудов, вызванных вирусом гриппа А(H1N1)pdm09</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Duration of systemic alteration in vasomotor function of microvascular endothelium caused by the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6870-3157</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>V. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марченко Владимир Александрович – канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник отдела биотехнологии; ассистент кафедры медицинской микробиологии</p><p>191015, Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., д. 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marchenko Vladimir A. – Candidate (Ph.D.) of Medical Sciences, researcher, Biotechnology Department; Assistant, Medical Microbiology Department</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3444</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зелинская</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zelinskaya</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зелинская Ирина Александровна – научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории биопротезирования и кардиопротекции центра экспериментального биомоделирования института экспериментальной медицины</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zelinskaya Irina A. – researcher, research laboratory of Bioprosthetics and Cardiac Protection, Center for Experimental Biomodeling, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1629-7868</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопова</surname><given-names>Я. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toropova</surname><given-names>Ya. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Торопова Яна Геннадьевна – д-р биол. наук, зав. научноисследовательской лабораторией биопротезирования и кардиопротекции центра экспериментального биомоделирования института экспериментальной медицины </p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Toropova Yana G. – Sc. D. (Biology), head, research labo ratory of Bioprosthetics and Cardiac Protection, Center for Experimental Biomodeling, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-1187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаметдинова</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhametdinova</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухаметдинова Дарья Владимировна – лаборант-исследователь научно-исследовательской группы экспериментальной патоморфологии центра экспериментального биомоделирования института экспериментальной медицины</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukhametdinova Darya V. – research Assistan, Experimental Pathomorphology group, Center for Experimental Biomodeling, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-9944</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галагудза</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galagudza</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галагудза Михаил Михайлович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН, директор института экспериментальной медицины</p><p>197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Galagudza Michael M. – MD, Professor, Corresponding member of the russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Institute of Experimental Medicine</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-7354</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лиознов</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lioznov</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лиознов Дмитрий Анатольевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 15/17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lioznov Dmitry A. – MD, Professor, Director, Smorodintsev research Institute of Influenza, head, Department of Infectious Diseases</p><p>Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жилинская</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhilinskaya</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Жилинская Ирина Николаевна – д-р биол. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник отдела биотехнологии; профессор кафедры медицинской микробиологии</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 15/17</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zhilinskaya Irina N. – Sc. D. (Biology), leading researcher, Biotechnology Department; Professor, Medical Microbiology Department</p><p>St Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа имени А. А. Смородинцева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И. И. Мечникова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza; North-Western State Medical University Named after I. I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научное медицинский исследовательский центр имени В. А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт гриппа имени А. А. Смородинцева» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марченко В.А., Зелинская И.А., Торопова Я.Г., Мухаметдинова Д.В., Галагудза М.М., Лиознов Д.А., Жилинская И.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марченко В.А., Зелинская И.А., Торопова Я.Г., Мухаметдинова Д.В., Галагудза М.М., Лиознов Д.А., Жилинская И.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Marchenko V.А., Zelinskaya I.A., Toropova Y.G., Mukhametdinova D.V., Galagudza M.M., Lioznov D.A., Zhilinskaya I.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1252">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1252</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Вирус гриппа (ВГ) А может инфицировать клетки эндотелия кровеносных сосудов и вызывать активацию и/или дисфункцию эндотелия. Ранее нами было показано, что ВГ А(H1N1)pdm09 приводит к изменениям функциональной активности кровеносных сосудов разных сосудистых регионов, а также вызывает различные морфопатологические изменения кровеносных сосудов легких крыс линии Вистар в остром периоде инфекции. Цель – изучить длительность системных нарушений вазомоторной функции эндотелия микрососудов, вызванных ВГ A(H1N1)pdm09. Материалы и методы. Крыс линии Вистар интраназально инфицировали ВГ А/Санкт-Петербург/48/16 (H1N1)pdm09. Через 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 и 90 дней крыс (n=5) наркотизировали и проводили некропсию с извлечением брыжейки и легких. Уровень экспрессии эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота (eNOS) определяли в эндотелии кровеносных сосудов брыжейки с помощью иммуногистохимического анализа. Изучение вазомоторной активности артерий брыжейки проводили с помощью проволочного миографа. Инфекционную активность ВГ определяли в тканях легких и брыжейки. В качестве контроля выступали интактные животные на тех же временных промежутках. Результаты. ВГ А(H1N1) pdm09 вызывает снижение экспрессии eNOS на 13–39 % на протяжении 60 дней после инфицирования (p&lt;0,05). Кроме того, ВГ также снижает максимальный ответ артерий брыжейки на вазодилататор на 74–108 % на протяжении 21 дня (p&lt;0,0001) и снижает ответ на 16–26 % через 30 и 60 дней после инфицирования (p&lt;0,0001) соответственно, а также увеличивает максимальный ответ артерий на вазоконстриктор на 26–57 % на протяжении 30 дней (p&lt;0,05). Стоит отметить, что столь длительные изменения наблюдаются при элиминации вируса из легких животных уже к 7-му дню после инфицирования. Заключение. Таким образом, при экспериментальной инфекции, вызванной ВГ A(H1N1)pdm09 у крыс линии Вистар, наблюдается длительная дисфункция эндотелия, которая характеризуется: снижением экспрессии eNOS в клетках эндотелия микрососудов брыжейки на протяжении 60 дней после инфицирования, а также снижением ответа микрососудов брыжейки на вазодилататор и повышением ответа на вазоконстриктор на протяжении 60 и 30 дней соответственно. Регистрируемые изменения со стороны функциональной активности микрососудов брыжейки инфицированных крыс возникают в отсутствие вируса гриппа в тканях и сосудах брыжейки, а также на фоне полной элиминации вируса из легких животных к 7-му дню после заражения.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The influenza A virus (IAV) can infect vascular endothelial cells and cause activation and/or dysfunction of the endothelium. Previously, we have shown that the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus leads to alteration in functional activity of blood vessels in different vascular beds, and also causes various histopathological changes in pulmonary blood vessels of Wistar rats in the acute period of infection. Aim – to study the duration of systemic alteration in vasomotor function of microvascular endothelium caused by the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Materials and methods. The Wistar rats were intranasally infected with the influenza A/St. Petersburg/48/16 (H1N1)pdm09 virus and at 1, 4, 7, 14, 21, 30, 60 and 90 days post infection (dpi) they were anesthetized and necropsied. The expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was determined in mesenteric vascular endothelium by immunohistochemistry. The vasomotor activity of the mesenteric arteries was studied using wire myography. Results. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus causes a decrease in eNOS expression by 13–39 % within 60 dpi (p&lt;0.05). In addition, the influenza virus also reduces the maximal response of mesenteric arteries to the vasodilator by 74–108 % within 21 days (p&lt;0.0001) and reduces the response by 16–26 % within 30 and 60 dpi (p&lt;0.0001), respectively, and also increases the maximum response of the arteries to the vasoconstrictor by 26–57 % within 30 dpi (p&lt;0.05). It should be noted that such long-term changes are observed while virus is eliminated by the 7th dpi. Conclusion. The influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus causes long-term endothelial dysfunction in the Wistar rats which is characterized by the reduced expression of eNOS in mesenteric microvascular endothelium within 60 dpi, decrease of the maximal response of mesenteric microvessels to vasodilator within 60 dpi and increase of the maximal response to vasoconstrictor within 30 dpi. Alterations of systemic functional activity of mesenteric microvessels in rats infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus are registered in absence of the reproduction of virus in mesenteric blood vessels while virus is eliminated from pulmonary tissues by the 7th dpi.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>крысы линии Вистар</kwd><kwd>вирус гриппа A(H1N1)pdm09</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция микрососудов</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная синтаза оксида азота (eNOS)</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимический анализ</kwd><kwd>проволочная миография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Wistar rats</kwd><kwd>influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus</kwd><kwd>microvascular endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>wire myography</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Министерства Здравоохранения (тема № 223012300007-6 «Роль вирусов гриппа в развитии дисфункции эндотелия кровеносных сосудов»).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was supported by the state assignment of the Ministry of Health of Russia (registration number: 223012300007-6 «The role of influenza viruses in the development of endothelial dysfunction of blood vessels»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Office WHOEMR. Global Influenza Strategy 20192030 / Wkly Epidemiol Monit 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Office WHOEMR. Global Influenza Strategy 20192030 / Wkly Epidemiol Monit 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barber H. A case of influenzal myocarditis. Clin J. 1947; 76(5):181-183.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barber H. A case of influenzal myocarditis. Clin J. 1947; 76(5):181-183.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lyon E. Modern viewpoints on cardiovascular disturbances in influenza. Acta Medica Orientalia. 1952;11(2-3):25-34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyon E. Modern viewpoints on cardiovascular disturbances in influenza. Acta Medica Orientalia. 1952;11(2-3):25-34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сергеев Н.В. Поражения сердечно-сосудистой системы при гриппе // Вестн. Академии мед. наук СССР. – 1962. – T. 17, № 2. – С. 15–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sergeev NV, Leites FL. Vestnik Akademii Meditsinskikh Nauk SSSR. 1962;17(2):15-22. (in Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilbert CR, Vipul K, Baram M. Novel H1N1 influenza A viral infection complicated by alveolar hemorrhage. Respir Care. 2010;55(5):623-625.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilbert CR, Vipul K, Baram M. Novel H1N1 influenza A viral infection complicated by alveolar hemorrhage. Respir Care. 2010;55(5):623-625.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эсауленко Е.В., Стуколкин К.О., Дунаева Н.В. и др. Редкие симптомы (диарея, менингизм, геморрагический синдром) у больных гриппом различных субтипов // Вестн. НовГУ. – 2013. – Т. 1, № 71. – С. 93–97.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Esaulenko EV, Stukolkin KO, Dunaeva NV, Grigor’eva IV, Bondar ES, Pozdniakova MG. Rare symptoms (diarrhea, meningism, hemorrhagic syndrome) in patients with different influenza virus subtypes. Vestnik NovSU. 2013;1(71):93-97. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang Y, Tang H. Aberrant coagulation causes a hyperinflammatory response in severe influenza pneumonia. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016;13(4):432-442. Doi: 10.1038/cmi.2016.1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang Y, Tang H. Aberrant coagulation causes a hyperinflammatory response in severe influenza pneumonia. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016;13(4):432-442. Doi: 10.1038/cmi.2016.1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чучалин А.Г., Черняев А.Л., Зайратьянц О.В. и др. Патологическая анатомия легких при гриппе A (H1N1), по данным аутопсий // Пульмонология. – 2010. – № 1. – С. 5–11. [Chuchalin AG, Chernyaev AL, Zairatyants OV, Kelly EI, Rogov KA, Mikhaleva LM, Trusov AE, Samsonova MV, Chartorizhskaya NN. Pathological anatomy of the lungs in influenza A (H1N1) (autopsy data). Pulmonology. 2010;(1):511. (In Russ.)]. Doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2010-1-5-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuchalin AG, Chernyaev AL, Zairatyants OV, Kelly EI, Rogov KA, Mikhaleva LM, Trusov AE, Samsonova MV, Chartorizhskaya NN. Pathological anatomy of the lungs in influenza A (H1N1) (autopsy data). Pulmonology. 2010;(1):511. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.18093/0869-0189-2010-1-5-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сулима Д.Л., Карев В.Е., Жданов К.В. Гипертоксический грипп // Журн. инфектол. – 2010. – Т. 2, № 1. – С. 75–70</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sulima DL, Karev VE, Zhdanov KV. Hypertoxic flu. J Infectology. 2010;2(1):75-79. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.22625/20726732-2010-2-1-75-79.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zeng H, Goldsmith CS, Maines TR, Belser JA, Gustin KM, Pekosz A, Zaki SR, Katz JM, Tumpey TM. Tropism and infectivity of influenza virus, including highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus, in ferret tracheal differentiated primary epithelial cell cultures. J Virol. 2013;87(5):2597-2607. Doi: 10.1128/JVI.02885-12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zeng H, Goldsmith CS, Maines TR, Belser JA, Gustin KM, Pekosz A, Zaki SR, Katz JM, Tumpey TM. Tropism and infectivity of influenza virus, including highly pathogenic avian H5N1 virus, in ferret tracheal differentiated primary epithelial cell cultures. J Virol. 2013;87(5):2597-2607. Doi: 10.1128/JVI.02885-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abe Y, Smith CW, Katkin JP, Thurmon LM, Xu X, Mendoza LH, Ballantyne CM. Endothelial alpha 2,6-linked sialic acid inhibits VCAM-1-dependent adhesion under flow conditions. J Immunol. 1999;163(5):2867-2876.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abe Y, Smith CW, Katkin JP, Thurmon LM, Xu X, Mendoza LH, Ballantyne CM. Endothelial alpha 2,6-linked sialic acid inhibits VCAM-1-dependent adhesion under flow conditions. J Immunol. 1999;163(5):2867-2876.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cioffi DL, Pandey S, Alvare DF, Cioffi EA. Terminal sialic acids are an important determinant of pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012; 302(10):L1067-L1077. Doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00190.2011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cioffi DL, Pandey S, Alvare DF, Cioffi EA. Terminal sialic acids are an important determinant of pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2012; 302(10):L1067-L1077. Doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00190.2011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang S, Wu Y, Xuan Z, Chen X, Zhang J, Ge D, Wang X. Screening differential miRNAs responsible for permeability increase in HUVECs infected with influenza A virus. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186477. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186477.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang S, Wu Y, Xuan Z, Chen X, Zhang J, Ge D, Wang X. Screening differential miRNAs responsible for permeability increase in HUVECs infected with influenza A virus. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186477. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186477.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sumikoshi M, Hashimoto K, Kawasaki Y, Sakuma H, Suzutani T, Suzuki H, Hosoya M. Human influenza virus infection and apoptosis induction in human vascular endothelial cells. J Med Virol. 2008;80(6):1072-1078. Doi: 10.1002/ jmv.21185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumikoshi M, Hashimoto K, Kawasaki Y, Sakuma H, Suzutani T, Suzuki H, Hosoya M. Human influenza virus infection and apoptosis induction in human vascular endothelial cells. J Med Virol. 2008;80(6):1072-1078. Doi: 10.1002/ jmv.21185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марченко В.А., Барашкова С.В., Зелинская И.А. и др. Экспрессия эндотелиальных факторов в клетках эндотелия человека при инфекции, вызванной вирусом гриппа А(H1N1)pdm09 (Orthomyxoviridae; Alphainfluenzavirus) // Вопр. вирусол. – 2021. – Т. 66, № 3. – С. 198–210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenko VA, Barashkova SV, Zelinskaya IA, Toropova YG, Ramsay ES, Zhilinskaya IN. Modulation of endothelial factors activity in human endothelial cells in influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection. Probl. Virol. 2021;66(3):198-210. (In Russ).. Doi: 10.36233/0507-4088-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Азаренок А.А., Еропкина Е.М., Прочуханова А.Р. и др. Воздействие вирусов гриппа A и их поверхностных белков на метаболизм клеток эндотелия кровеносных сосудов человека // Вопр. вирусол. – 2013. – Т. 58, № 3. – С. 25–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azarenok AA, Eropkina EM, Prochukhanova AR, Shaldzhyan AA, Kozlova NM, Kozeletskaya KN, Zhilinskaya IN. The influenza viruses and their surface proteins impact on the metabolism of human blood vessel endothelial cells. Probl. Virol. 2013;58(3):25-27. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchenko V, Mukhametdinova D, Amosova I, Lioznov D, Zhilinskaya I. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Alters Expression of Endothelial Factors in Pulmonary Vascular Endothelium in Rats. Viruses. 2022;14(11):2518. Doi: 10.3390/ v14112518.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenko V, Mukhametdinova D, Amosova I, Lioznov D, Zhilinskaya I. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Alters Expression of Endothelial Factors in Pulmonary Vascular Endothelium in Rats. Viruses. 2022;14(11):2518. Doi: 10.3390/ v14112518.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marchenko V, Zelinskaya I, Toropova Y, Shmakova T, Podyacheva E, Lioznov D, Zhilinskaya IN. Influenza A Virus Causes Histopathological Changes and Impairment in Functional Activity of Blood Vessels in Different Vascular Beds. Viruses. 2022;14(2):396. Doi: 10.3390/v14020396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenko V, Zelinskaya I, Toropova Y, Shmakova T, Podyacheva E, Lioznov D, Zhilinskaya IN. Influenza A Virus Causes Histopathological Changes and Impairment in Functional Activity of Blood Vessels in Different Vascular Beds. Viruses. 2022;14(2):396. Doi: 10.3390/v14020396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Widmer RJ, Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2014;(3):291308. Doi: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Widmer RJ, Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2014;(3):291308. Doi: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadi HA, Carr CS, Al Suwaidi J. Endothelial dysfunction: cardiovascular risk factors, therapy, and outcome. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2005;1(3):183-198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadi HA, Carr CS, Al Suwaidi J. Endothelial dysfunction: cardiovascular risk factors, therapy, and outcome. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2005;1(3):183-198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallo G, Volpe M, Savoia C. Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;8:798958. Doi: 10.3389/fmed. 2021.798958</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallo G, Volpe M, Savoia C. Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertension: Current Concepts and Clinical Implications. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;8:798958. Doi: 10.3389/fmed. 2021.798958</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giannitsi S, Bougiakli M, Bechlioulis A, Naka K. Endothelial dysfunction and heart failure: A review of the existing bibliography with emphasis on flow mediated dilation. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;8:2048004019843047. Doi: 10. 1177/2048004019843047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giannitsi S, Bougiakli M, Bechlioulis A, Naka K. Endothelial dysfunction and heart failure: A review of the existing bibliography with emphasis on flow mediated dilation. JRSM Cardiovasc Dis. 2019;8:2048004019843047. Doi: 10. 1177/2048004019843047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Asten L, Harmsen CN, Stoeldraijer L, Klinkenberg D, Teirlinck AC, de Lange MMA, Meijer A, van de Kassteele J, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, van den Hof S, van der Hoek W. Excess Deaths during Influenza and Coronavirus Disease and Infection-Fatality Rate for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(2):411-420. Doi: 10.3201/eid2702.202999.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Asten L, Harmsen CN, Stoeldraijer L, Klinkenberg D, Teirlinck AC, de Lange MMA, Meijer A, van de Kassteele J, van Gageldonk-Lafeber AB, van den Hof S, van der Hoek W. Excess Deaths during Influenza and Coronavirus Disease and Infection-Fatality Rate for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(2):411-420. Doi: 10.3201/eid2702.202999.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эпидемиологические параллели внебольничных пневмоний, гриппа и ОРВИ в г. Москве / Салтыкова Т.С., Жигарловский Б.А., Брико Н.И., Вязовиченко Ю.В. // Туберкулез и болезни легких. – 2020. – Т. 98, № 3. – С. 6–12.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saltykova TS, Zhigarlovskiy BA, Briko NI, Vyazovichenko YuV. Epidemiological parallels of community-acquired pneumonia, influenza and ARVI in Moscow. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2020;98(3):6-12. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.21292/20751230-2020-98-3-6-12.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Azambuja MI. Spanish flu and early 20th-century expansion of a coronary heart disease-prone subpopulation. Tex Heart Inst J. 2004;31(1):14-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azambuja MI. Spanish flu and early 20th-century expansion of a coronary heart disease-prone subpopulation. Tex Heart Inst J. 2004;31(1):14-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Марченко В.А., Барашкова С.В., Зелинская И.А. и др. Моделирование гриппозной инфекции у половозрелых крыс стока Wistar // Вопр. вирусол. – 2020. – Т. 65, № 3. – С. 155-166.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marchenko VA, Barashkova SV, Zelinskaya IA, Toropova YG, Sorokin EV, Zhilinskaya IN. Modeling influenza virus infection in mature Wistar rats. Probl. Virol. 2020;65(3):159166. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.36233/0507-4088-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reed LJ, Muench H. A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Epidemiol. 1938;27:493–497.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reed LJ, Muench H. A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Epidemiol. 1938;27:493–497.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor CR, Levenson RM. Quantification of immunohistochemistry-issues concerning methods, utility and semiquantitative assessment II. Histopathology 2006;49(4):411-424. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02513.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor CR, Levenson RM. Quantification of immunohistochemistry-issues concerning methods, utility and semiquantitative assessment II. Histopathology 2006;49(4):411-424. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02513.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pourageaud F, De Mey JG. Structural properties of rat mesenteric small arteries after 4-wk exposure to elevated or reduced blood flow. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(4):H1699-H1706. Doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.4.H169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pourageaud F, De Mey JG. Structural properties of rat mesenteric small arteries after 4-wk exposure to elevated or reduced blood flow. Am J Physiol. 1997;273(4):H1699-H1706. Doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1997.273.4.H169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyvad J, Mazur A, Postnov DD et al. Intravital investigation of rat mesenteric small artery tone and blood flow. J Physiol. 2017;595(15):5037-5053. Doi:10.1113/JP274604.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyvad J, Mazur A, Postnov DD et al. Intravital investigation of rat mesenteric small artery tone and blood flow. J Physiol. 2017;595(15):5037-5053. Doi:10.1113/JP274604.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armstrong SM, Darwish I, Lee WL. Endothelial activation and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection. Virulence. 2013;4(6):537-542. Doi: 10.4161/ viru.25779.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armstrong SM, Darwish I, Lee WL. Endothelial activation and dysfunction in the pathogenesis of influenza A virus infection. Virulence. 2013;4(6):537-542. Doi: 10.4161/ viru.25779.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Short KR, Kuiken T, Van Riel D. Role of Endothelial Cells in the Pathogenesis of Influenza in Humans. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(11):1859-1860. Doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz349.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Short KR, Kuiken T, Van Riel D. Role of Endothelial Cells in the Pathogenesis of Influenza in Humans. J Infect Dis. 2019;220(11):1859-1860. Doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiz349.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Власов Т.Д., Петрищев Н.Н., Лазовская О.A. Дисфункция эндотелия. Правильно ли мы понимаем этот термин? // Вестн. анестезиол. и реаниматол. – 2020. – Т. 17, № 2. – С. 76–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vlasov TD, Petrischev NN, Lazovskaya OA. Endothelial dysfunction. Do we understand this term properly? Messenger Anesthesiol Resusc.. 2020;17(2):76-84. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.21292/2078-5658-2020-17-2-76-84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunt BJ, Jurd KM. Endothelial cell activation. A central pathophysiological process. BMJ. 1998;316(7141):13281329. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.316.7141.1328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunt BJ, Jurd KM. Endothelial cell activation. A central pathophysiological process. BMJ. 1998;316(7141):13281329. Doi: 10.1136/bmj.316.7141.1328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pober JS. Activation and injury of endothelial cells by cytokines. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1998;46(3):159-163.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pober JS. Activation and injury of endothelial cells by cytokines. Pathol Biol (Paris). 1998;46(3):159-163.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23(2):168-175. Doi: 10.1161/01.atv. 0000051384.43104.fc.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonetti PO, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Endothelial dysfunction: a marker of atherosclerotic risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23(2):168-175. Doi: 10.1161/01.atv. 0000051384.43104.fc.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levine AB, Punihaole D, Levine TB. Characterization of the role of nitric oxide and its clinical applications. Cardiology. 2012;122(1):55-68. Doi: 10.1159/000338150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levine AB, Punihaole D, Levine TB. Characterization of the role of nitric oxide and its clinical applications. Cardiology. 2012;122(1):55-68. Doi: 10.1159/000338150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yuyun MF, Ng LL, Ng GA. Endothelial dysfunction, endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability, tetrahydrobiopterin, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cardiovascular disease. Where are we with therapy? Microvasc Res. 2018;119:7-12. Doi: 10. 1016/j.mvr.2018.03.012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuyun MF, Ng LL, Ng GA. Endothelial dysfunction, endothelial nitric oxide bioavailability, tetrahydrobiopterin, and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in cardiovascular disease. Where are we with therapy? Microvasc Res. 2018;119:7-12. Doi: 10. 1016/j.mvr.2018.03.012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Groote MA, Fang FC. NO inhibitions: antimicrobial properties of nitric oxide. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21(Suppl 2):S162-S165. Doi: 10.1093/clinids/21.supplement_2.s162.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Groote MA, Fang FC. NO inhibitions: antimicrobial properties of nitric oxide. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21(Suppl 2):S162-S165. Doi: 10.1093/clinids/21.supplement_2.s162.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minuz P, Lechi C, Gaino S et al. Oxidized LDL and reduction of the antiaggregating activity of nitric oxide derived from endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74(4):1175-1179.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minuz P, Lechi C, Gaino S et al. Oxidized LDL and reduction of the antiaggregating activity of nitric oxide derived from endothelial cells. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74(4):1175-1179.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daniels MJ, Selgrade MK, Doerfler D, Gilmour MI. Kinetic profile of influenza virus infection in three rat strains. Comp Med. 2003;53(3):293-298.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daniels MJ, Selgrade MK, Doerfler D, Gilmour MI. Kinetic profile of influenza virus infection in three rat strains. Comp Med. 2003;53(3):293-298.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ibanes JD, Morgan KT, Burleson GR. Histopathological Changes in the Upper Respiratory Tract of F344 Rats Following Infection with a Rat-adapted Influenza Virus. Vet Pathol. 1996;33(4):412-418. Doi: 10.1177/030098589603300407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ibanes JD, Morgan KT, Burleson GR. Histopathological Changes in the Upper Respiratory Tract of F344 Rats Following Infection with a Rat-adapted Influenza Virus. Vet Pathol. 1996;33(4):412-418. Doi: 10.1177/030098589603300407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sumikoshi M, Hashimoto K, Kawasaki Y et al. Human influenza virus infection and apoptosis induction in human vascular endothelial cells. J Med Virol. 2008;80(6):1072-1078. Doi: 10.1002/jmv.21185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sumikoshi M, Hashimoto K, Kawasaki Y et al. Human influenza virus infection and apoptosis induction in human vascular endothelial cells. J Med Virol. 2008;80(6):1072-1078. Doi: 10.1002/jmv.21185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жилинская И.Н., Азаренок А.А., Ильинская Е.В. и др. Репродукция вируса гриппа в клетках эндотелия кровеносных сосудов человека // Вопр. вирусол. – 2012. – Т. 57, № 2. – С. 20–23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhilinskaya IN, Azarenok AA, Ilynskaya EV, Prochukhanova AR, Vorobyev SL, Sorokin EV, Tsareva TR. Reproduction of influenza virus in the endothelial cells of human blood vessels (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu M, Chen F, Liu T, Chen F, Liu S, Yang J. The role of oxidative stress in influenza virus infection. Microbes Infect. 2017;19(12):580-586. Doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu M, Chen F, Liu T, Chen F, Liu S, Yang J. The role of oxidative stress in influenza virus infection. Microbes Infect. 2017;19(12):580-586. Doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higashi Y, Maruhashi T, Noma K, Kihara Y. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: clinical evidence and therapeutic implications. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2014;24(4):165169. Doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.12.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higashi Y, Maruhashi T, Noma K, Kihara Y. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction: clinical evidence and therapeutic implications. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2014;24(4):165169. Doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2013.12.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beckman JS, Koppenol WH. Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol. 1996;271(5 Pt 1):C1424-C1437. Doi: 10.1152/ajpcell. 1996.271.5.C1424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beckman JS, Koppenol WH. Nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite: the good, the bad, and ugly. Am J Physiol. 1996;271(5 Pt 1):C1424-C1437. Doi: 10.1152/ajpcell. 1996.271.5.C1424.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Förstermann U, Li H. Therapeutic effect of enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;164(2):213223. Doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01196.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Förstermann U, Li H. Therapeutic effect of enhancing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and preventing eNOS uncoupling. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;164(2):213223. Doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01196.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Płoska A, Wierońska JM et al. Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2023;28(1):21. Doi: 10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Płoska A, Wierońska JM et al. Endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS uncoupling: molecular mechanisms as potential therapeutic targets. Cell Mol Biol Lett. 2023;28(1):21. Doi: 10.1186/s11658-023-00423-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жилинская И.Н., Марченко В.А., Харченко Е.П. Сравнение фрагментов, мимикрирующих белки системы гемостаза человека, в белках вирусов гриппа А/H1N1 и коронавирусов // Мол. генетика, микробиол. и вирусол. – 2022. – Т. 40, № 4. – С. 43–46.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhilinskaya IN, Marchenko VA, Kharchenko EP. Comparison of fragments in human hemostatic proteins that mimics fragments in proteins of A/H1N1 viruses and coronaviruses. Mol Gen Microbiol Virol. 2022;40(4):43-46. (In Russ.). Doi: 10.17116/molgen20224004143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suzuki S, Kaikita K, Yamamoto E, Jinnouchi H, Tsujita K. Role of acetylcholine spasm provocation test as a pathophysiological assessment in nonobstructive coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2021;36(1):39-51. Doi: 10.1007/s12928-020-00720-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suzuki S, Kaikita K, Yamamoto E, Jinnouchi H, Tsujita K. Role of acetylcholine spasm provocation test as a pathophysiological assessment in nonobstructive coronary artery disease. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2021;36(1):39-51. Doi: 10.1007/s12928-020-00720-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vita JA, Treasure CB, Nabel EG et al. Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1990;81(2):491-497. Doi:10.1161/01.cir.81.2.491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vita JA, Treasure CB, Nabel EG et al. Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1990;81(2):491-497. Doi:10.1161/01.cir.81.2.491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daiber A, Xia N, Steven S et al. New Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Function/Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(1):187. Doi: 10.3390/ijms20010187.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daiber A, Xia N, Steven S et al. New Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Function/Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(1):187. Doi: 10.3390/ijms20010187.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
