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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2015-14-2-4-15</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-13</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Нарушения церебральной микроциркуляции при черепно-мозговой травме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The disturbances of cerebral microcirculation in severe head injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимов</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimov</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">xtro7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калентьев</surname><given-names>Г. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalentyev</surname><given-names>G. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">xtro7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Военнов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voennov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">xtro7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юрьев</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yuriev</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">xtro7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трофимова</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trofimova</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">xtro7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агаркова</surname><given-names>Д. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agarkova</surname><given-names>D. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">xtro7@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородская областная клиническая больница им. Н.А. Семашко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Regional Hospital named after N.A. Semashko</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>15</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Трофимов А.О., Калентьев Г.В., Военнов О.В., Юрьев М.Ю., Трофимова С.Ю., Агаркова Д.И., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Трофимов А.О., Калентьев Г.В., Военнов О.В., Юрьев М.Ю., Трофимова С.Ю., Агаркова Д.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Trofimov A.O., Kalentyev G.V., Voennov O.V., Yuriev M.Y., Trofimova S.Y., Agarkova D.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/13">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/13</self-uri><abstract><p>Целью литературного обзора явилось представление современных воззрений на возможные причины развития нарушений капиллярного кровотока при тяжелой черепно-мозговой травме (ЧМТ). Произведено сопоставление концепции вторичных повреждений головного мозга и возможных механизмов развития нарушений церебральной микроциркуляции при ЧМТ. Представлены данные использования современных методик оценки капиллярного кровотока у пострадавших с повреждениями головного мозга. Акцентировано внимание на возможных причинах нарушений микроциркуляции при развитии различных форм жировой эмболии при тяжелой сочетанной ЧМТ. Представлены возможности профилактики и ранней коррекции повреждений капиллярного кровотока при травме мозга, а также предположены причины неудач некоторых клинических исследований, в том числе и широкоизвестного CRASH. Отмечено, что интегративный подход к оценке церебральной микроциркуляции во взаимосвязи с мозговым метаболизмом свидетельствует не просто об изменчивости мозгового кровотока, а о функциональном нарушении сопряжения перфузии и метаболизма при черепно-мозговой травме. Подчеркнуто, что ишемия является далеко не единственной причиной посттравматических нарушений пиального кровообращения. Освещены направления будущих исследований посттравматических нарушений церебральной микроциркуляции как ведущего фактора вторичного повреждения мозга. Намечены возможности их медикаментозной и немедикаментозной коррекции.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the literature review was to present modern views on the possible mechanisms of the disturbances of capillary blood flow in severe brain injury (TBI). The critical analysis of the concept of secondary brain damage and possible mechanisms of the disturbances of cerebral microcirculation in TBI are presented. We also discuss modern methodologies for assessing capillary blood flow in patients with brain damage. The attention is focused on the causes of the disturbances of cerebral microcirculation in TBI, as well as in various forms of fat embolism in severe combined TBI. Possibilities of prevention and early correction of damaged capillary blood flow in brain injury, as well as the supposed reasons for the failure of some clinical trials, including the widely known CRASH, are analyzed. It is noted that an integrative approach to the assessment of cerebral microcirculation in conjunction with brain metabolism reflects not just the variability of cerebral blood flow and functional disorders of perfusion and metabolism coupling in traumatic brain injury. It is emphasized that ischemia is not the only cause of post-traumatic disorders of pial circulation. We highlight directions for future research of posttraumatic disturbances of cerebral microcirculation as a leading factor of secondary brain insults. The possibility of pharmacological and non-pharmacological correction of microcirculatory disorders in TBI is outlined.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>церебральная микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>нейроваскулярное сопряжение</kwd><kwd>перицит</kwd><kwd>черепно-мозговая травма</kwd><kwd>cerebral microcirculation</kwd><kwd>neurovascular coupling</kwd><kwd>pericyte</kwd><kwd>head injury</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бережанский П. В., Мельникова И. М., Мизерницкий Ю. Л. Современные представления об участии микроциркуляторных нарушений в патогенезе аллергического воспаления // Региональное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2012. Т. 11. № 4. С. 4-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Бережанский П. В., Мельникова И. М., Мизерницкий Ю. Л. 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