microcirculationРегионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляцияRegional blood circulation and microcirculation1682-66552712-9756Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University10.24884/1682-6655-2024-23-3-4-11microcirculation-1338Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSМеханизмы и значение спонтанной агрегации тромбоцитов в патологииMechanisms and significance of spontaneous platelet aggregation in pathologyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-6450ВласоваТ. И.VlasovaT. I.

Власова Татьяна Ивановна – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной и патологической физиологии,

430005, г. Саранск, ул. Большевистская, д. 68.

Vlasova Tatyana I. – MD, Professor, Head, Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology,

Bol’shevistskaya str., Saransk, 430005.

vlasova-t.i@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7190-9268ЯкушкинаА. С.YakushkinaA. S.

Якушкина Анастасия Сергеевна – соискатель кафедры нормальной и патологической физиологии,

430005, г. Саранск, ул. Большевистская, д. 68.

Yakushkina Anastasia S. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Normal and Pathological Physiology,

Bol’shevistskaya str., Saransk, 430005/

anastacia.yakushkina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4760-2394ПетрищевН. Н.PetrishchevN. N.

Петрищев Николай Николаевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, профессор кафедры патофизиологии с курсом клинической патофизиологии,

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.

Petrishchev Nikolay N. – MD, Professor, Department of Pathophysiology,

6-8, L’va Tolstogo street, Saint Petersburg, 197022.

lazmed@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9249-660XЧефуС. Г.ChefuS. G.

Чефу Светлана Григорьевна – канд. биол. наук, зав. лабораторией экспериментальных исследований ЦЛМ НОИ Биомедицины,

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.

Chefu Svetlana G. – Candidate (PhD) of Biological Sciences, Head, Laboratory of Experimental Research, Center for Laser Medicine, Scientific and Educational Institute of Biomedicine,

6-8, L’va Tolstogo street, Saint Petersburg, 197022.

chefusveta@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6951-7599ВласовТ. Д.VlasovT. D.

Власов Тимур Дмитриевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой патофизиологии с курсом клинической патофизиологии,

197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8.

Vlasov Timur D. – MD, Professor, Head, Department of Pathophysiology,

6-8, L’va Tolstogo street, Saint Petersburg, 197022.

tvlasov@yandex.ruФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет имени Н. П. Огарева»РоссияOgarev National Research Mordovia State UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияPavlov UniversityRussian Federation202408102024233411Copyright © Власова Т.И., Якушкина А.С., Петрищев Н.Н., Чефу С.Г., Власов Т.Д., 20242024Власова Т.И., Якушкина А.С., Петрищев Н.Н., Чефу С.Г., Власов Т.Д.Vlasova T.I., Yakushkina A.S., Petrishchev N.N., Chefu S.G., Vlasov T.D.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1338

Тромбоциты – уникальные форменные элементы крови, которые помимо свертывания крови модулируют процессы фибринолиза, воспаления, физиологической регенерации, репарации, ангиогенеза, формирования костной ткани, формирования системы мать–плацента–плод и др. Особый интерес представляет феномен спонтанной агрегации тромбоцитов in vivo при различных физиологических и патологических состояниях, что связано с расширением возможностей оценки рисков тромботических явлений. Отдельный аспект данной проблемы связан с изучением механизмов и биологической роли обратимой агрегации тромбоцитов. До настоящего времени значение данного явления в условиях нормы и патологии остается не вполне понятным. Данный обзор посвящен феномену спонтанной обратимой агрегации тромбоцитов, современному представлению о его механизмах, подходах к диагностике и его ассоциации с разного рода патологическими состояниями.

Platelets are unique blood elements that, in addition to blood coagulation, modulate the processes of fibrinolysis, inflammation, physiological regeneration, repair, angiogenesis, bone tissue formation, formation of the mother-placenta-fetus system, etc. Of particular interest is the phenomenon of spontaneous platelet aggregation in vivo under various physiological and pathological conditions, which is associated with expanded capabilities for assessing the risks of thrombotic events. A separate aspect of this problem is associated with the study of the mechanisms and biological role of reversible platelet aggregation. To date, the significance of this phenomenon under normal and pathological conditions remains not entirely clear. This review is devoted to the phenomenon of spontaneous reversible platelet aggregation, the modern understanding of its mechanisms, approaches to its diagnosis and its association with various pathological conditions.

тромбоцитыспонтанная агрегация тромбоцитовобратимая агрегация тромбоцитовplateletsspontaneous platelet aggregationreversible platelet aggregationИсследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-25-00278, https://rscf.ru/project/24-25-00278/.The study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 24-25-00278, https://rscf.ru/project/24-25-00278/.ReferencesNurden AT. Platelets, inflammation and tissue regeneration. Thromb Haemost. 2011;105 Suppl 1:S13-33. Doi: 10.1160/THS10-11-0720.Nurden AT. Platelets, inflammation and tissue regeneration. Thromb Haemost. 2011;105 Suppl 1:S13-33. Doi: 10.1160/THS10-11-0720.Haemmerle M, Stone RL, Menter DG, Afshar-Kharghan V, Sood AK. The Platelet Lifeline to Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Cancer Cell. 2018;33(6):965-983. Doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.002.Haemmerle M, Stone RL, Menter DG, Afshar-Kharghan V, Sood AK. The Platelet Lifeline to Cancer: Challenges and Opportunities. Cancer Cell. 2018;33(6):965-983. Doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.002.Hayon Y, Shai E, Varon D, Leker RR. The role of platelets and their microparticles in rehabilitation of ischemic brain tissue. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2012;11(7):921-925. Doi: 10.2174/1871527311201070921.Hayon Y, Shai E, Varon D, Leker RR. The role of platelets and their microparticles in rehabilitation of ischemic brain tissue. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2012;11(7):921-925. Doi: 10.2174/1871527311201070921.Salamanna F, Maglio M, Sartori M, Tschon M, Fini M. Platelet Features and Derivatives in Osteoporosis: A Rational and Systematic Review on the Best Evidence. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1762. Doi: 10.3390/ijms21051762.Salamanna F, Maglio M, Sartori M, Tschon M, Fini M. Platelet Features and Derivatives in Osteoporosis: A Rational and Systematic Review on the Best Evidence. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1762. Doi: 10.3390/ijms21051762.Rivera FJ, Kazanis I, Ghevaert C, Aigner L. Beyond Clotting: A Role of Platelets in CNS Repair? Front Cell Neurosci. 2016;9:511. Doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00511.Rivera FJ, Kazanis I, Ghevaert C, Aigner L. Beyond Clotting: A Role of Platelets in CNS Repair? Front Cell Neurosci. 2016;9:511. Doi: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00511.Gawaz M, Vogel S. Platelets in tissue repair: control of apoptosis and interactions with regenerative cells. Blood. 2013;122(15):2550-2554. Doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-468694.Gawaz M, Vogel S. Platelets in tissue repair: control of apoptosis and interactions with regenerative cells. Blood. 2013;122(15):2550-2554. Doi: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-468694.Kurokawa T, Zheng YW, Ohkohchi N. Novel functions of platelets in the liver. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(4):745751. Doi: 10.1111/jgh.13244.Kurokawa T, Zheng YW, Ohkohchi N. Novel functions of platelets in the liver. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(4):745751. Doi: 10.1111/jgh.13244.Golebiewska EM, Poole AW. Platelet secretion: From haemostasis to wound healing and beyond. Blood Rev. 2015; 29(3):153-162. Doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.10.003.Golebiewska EM, Poole AW. Platelet secretion: From haemostasis to wound healing and beyond. Blood Rev. 2015; 29(3):153-162. Doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.10.003.Siddon AJ, Tormey CA, Snyder EL. Platelet Transfusion Medicine. In book: Platelets. 4th ed. / eds by A.D. Michelson. Acad Press, 2019:1137-1159.Siddon AJ, Tormey CA, Snyder EL. Platelet Transfusion Medicine. In book: Platelets. 4th ed. / eds by A.D. Michelson. Acad Press, 2019:1137-1159.Brill A, Varon D. Angiogenesis. In book: Platelets. 2nd ed. / eds by A.D. Michelson. Acad Press, 2007:757-768.Brill A, Varon D. Angiogenesis. In book: Platelets. 2nd ed. / eds by A.D. Michelson. Acad Press, 2007:757-768.Italiano JE, Richardson JL, Patel-Hett S, Battinelli E, Zaslavsky A, Short S, Ryeom S, Folkman J, Klement GL. Angiogenesis is regulated by a novel mechanism: pro- and antiangiogenic proteins are organized into separate platelet α granules and differentially released. Blood. 2008;111(3):12271233. Doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-09-113837.Italiano JE, Richardson JL, Patel-Hett S, Battinelli E, Zaslavsky A, Short S, Ryeom S, Folkman J, Klement GL. Angiogenesis is regulated by a novel mechanism: pro- and antiangiogenic proteins are organized into separate platelet α granules and differentially released. Blood. 2008;111(3):12271233. Doi: 10.1182/blood-2007-09-113837.Brass L. Understanding and Evaluating Platelet Function. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2010;(1): 387-396. Doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.387.Brass L. Understanding and Evaluating Platelet Function. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2010;(1): 387-396. Doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2010.1.387.Hellem AJ, Borchgrevink CF, Ames SB. The role of red cells in haemostasis: the relation between haematocrit, bleeding time and platelet adhesiveness. Br J Haematol. 1961;7:4250. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1961.tb00318.x.Hellem AJ, Borchgrevink CF, Ames SB. The role of red cells in haemostasis: the relation between haematocrit, bleeding time and platelet adhesiveness. Br J Haematol. 1961;7:4250. Doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1961.tb00318.x.Coller BS. Historical perspective and future directions in platelet research. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):374-395. Doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04356.x.Coller BS. Historical perspective and future directions in platelet research. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):374-395. Doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04356.x.Wu KK, Hoak JC. A new method for the quantitative detection of platelet aggregates in patients with arterial insufficiency. Lancet. 1974;2(7886):924-926. Doi: 10.1016/s01406736(74)91131-3.Wu KK, Hoak JC. A new method for the quantitative detection of platelet aggregates in patients with arterial insufficiency. Lancet. 1974;2(7886):924-926. Doi: 10.1016/s01406736(74)91131-3.Gabbasov ZA, Popov EG, Gavrilov IYu, Pozin EYa. Platelet aggregation: the use of optical density fluctuations to study microaggregate formation in platelet suspension. Thromb Res. 1989;54(3):215-223. Doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(89)90229-6.Gabbasov ZA, Popov EG, Gavrilov IYu, Pozin EYa. Platelet aggregation: the use of optical density fluctuations to study microaggregate formation in platelet suspension. Thromb Res. 1989;54(3):215-223. Doi: 10.1016/0049-3848(89)90229-6.Метод определения внутрисосудистой активности тромбоцитов и его значение в клинической практике / Шитикова А.С., Белязо О.Е., Тарковская Л.Р., Каргин В.Д. // Клин. лаб. диагност. – 1997. – № 2. – С. 23–35. [Shitikova AS, Belyazo OE, Tarkovskaya LR, Kargin VD. Method for determining intravascular platelet activity and its significance in clinical practice. Clin Lab Diagnost. 1997;(2):23-35. (in Russ.)].Метод определения внутрисосудистой активности тромбоцитов и его значение в клинической практике / Шитикова А.С., Белязо О.Е., Тарковская Л.Р., Каргин В.Д. // Клин. лаб. диагност. – 1997. – № 2. – С. 23–35. [Shitikova AS, Belyazo OE, Tarkovskaya LR, Kargin VD. Method for determining intravascular platelet activity and its significance in clinical practice. Clin Lab Diagnost. 1997;(2):23-35. (in Russ.)].Vinholt PJ, Frederiksen H, Hvas AM, Sprogøe U, Nielsen C. Measurement of platelet aggregation, independently of patient platelet count: a flow-cytometric approach. J Thromb Haemost. 2017;15(6):1191-1202. Doi: 10.1111/jth.13675.Vinholt PJ, Frederiksen H, Hvas AM, Sprogøe U, Nielsen C. Measurement of platelet aggregation, independently of patient platelet count: a flow-cytometric approach. J Thromb Haemost. 2017;15(6):1191-1202. Doi: 10.1111/jth.13675.Пономаренко Е.А., Игнатова А. А., Федорова Д. В. и др. Функциональная активность тромбоцитов: фи зиология и методы лабораторной диагностики // Вопр. гематол./онкол. и иммунопатол. в педиатрии. ‒ 2019. ‒ Т. 18, № 3. – С. 112‒119. [Ponomarenko YeA, Ignatova AA, Fedorova DV, Zharkov PA, Panteleyev MA. Functional activity of platelets: physiology and laboratory diagnostic methods. Pediatric Hematol/Oncol Immunopathol. 2019;18(3):112-119. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.24287/1726-1708-2019-18-3-112-119.Пономаренко Е.А., Игнатова А. А., Федорова Д. В. и др. Функциональная активность тромбоцитов: фи зиология и методы лабораторной диагностики // Вопр. гематол./онкол. и иммунопатол. в педиатрии. ‒ 2019. ‒ Т. 18, № 3. – С. 112‒119. [Ponomarenko YeA, Ignatova AA, Fedorova DV, Zharkov PA, Panteleyev MA. Functional activity of platelets: physiology and laboratory diagnostic methods. Pediatric Hematol/Oncol Immunopathol. 2019;18(3):112-119. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.24287/1726-1708-2019-18-3-112-119.Cardinal DC, Flower R. The electronic aggregometer: a novel device for assessing platelet behavior in blood. J Pharmacol Methods. 1980;3(2):135-158.Cardinal DC, Flower R. The electronic aggregometer: a novel device for assessing platelet behavior in blood. J Pharmacol Methods. 1980;3(2):135-158.Wan Azman WN, Omar J, Koon TS, Tuan Ismail TS. Hemolyzed Specimens: Major Challenge for Identifying and Rejecting Specimens in Clinical Laboratories. Oman Med J. 2019;34(2):94-98. Doi: 10.5001/omj.2019.19.Wan Azman WN, Omar J, Koon TS, Tuan Ismail TS. Hemolyzed Specimens: Major Challenge for Identifying and Rejecting Specimens in Clinical Laboratories. Oman Med J. 2019;34(2):94-98. Doi: 10.5001/omj.2019.19.Toshima H, Sugihara H, Hamano H, Sato M, Yama moto M, Yamazaki S, Yamada Y, Taki M, Izumi S, Hoshi K, Fusegawa Y, Satoh K, Ozaki Y, Kurihara S. Spontaneous platelet aggregation in normal subject assessed by a laser light scattering method: an attempt at standardization. Platelets. 2008;19(4):293-239. Doi: 10.1080/09537100701883457.Toshima H, Sugihara H, Hamano H, Sato M, Yama moto M, Yamazaki S, Yamada Y, Taki M, Izumi S, Hoshi K, Fusegawa Y, Satoh K, Ozaki Y, Kurihara S. Spontaneous platelet aggregation in normal subject assessed by a laser light scattering method: an attempt at standardization. Platelets. 2008;19(4):293-239. Doi: 10.1080/09537100701883457.Gorman MW, Marble DR, Ogimoto K, Feigl EO. Measurement of adenine nucleotides in plasma. Luminescence. 2003;18(3):173-181. Doi: 10.1002/bio.721.Gorman MW, Marble DR, Ogimoto K, Feigl EO. Measurement of adenine nucleotides in plasma. Luminescence. 2003;18(3):173-181. Doi: 10.1002/bio.721.Ledderose C, Valsami EA, Junger WG. Optimized HPLC method to elucidate the complex purinergic signaling dynamics that regulate ATP, ADP, AMP, and adenosine levels in human blood. Purinergic Signal. 2022;18(2):223-239. Doi: 10.1007/s11302-022-09842-w.Ledderose C, Valsami EA, Junger WG. Optimized HPLC method to elucidate the complex purinergic signaling dynamics that regulate ATP, ADP, AMP, and adenosine levels in human blood. Purinergic Signal. 2022;18(2):223-239. Doi: 10.1007/s11302-022-09842-w.Jabs CM, Ferrell WJ, Robb HJ. Plasma ADP levels: direct determination with luciferase luminescence using a biometer. Clin Biochem. 1978;11(5):190-193. Doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(78)80027-7.Jabs CM, Ferrell WJ, Robb HJ. Plasma ADP levels: direct determination with luciferase luminescence using a biometer. Clin Biochem. 1978;11(5):190-193. Doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(78)80027-7.Козловский В.И., Ковтун О.М., Сероухова О.П. и др. Методы исследования и клиническое значение агрегации тромбоцитов. Фокус на спонтанную агрегацию // Вестн. ВГМУ. ‒ 2013. ‒ № 4. ‒ С. 79‒91. [Kozlovskiy VI, Kovtun OM, Seroukhova OP, Detkovskaya IN, Kozlovskiy IV. Research methods and clinical significance of platelet aggregation. Focus on spontaneous aggregation. Bull VSMU. 2013;(4):79-91. (in Russ.)].Козловский В.И., Ковтун О.М., Сероухова О.П. и др. Методы исследования и клиническое значение агрегации тромбоцитов. Фокус на спонтанную агрегацию // Вестн. ВГМУ. ‒ 2013. ‒ № 4. ‒ С. 79‒91. [Kozlovskiy VI, Kovtun OM, Seroukhova OP, Detkovskaya IN, Kozlovskiy IV. Research methods and clinical significance of platelet aggregation. Focus on spontaneous aggregation. Bull VSMU. 2013;(4):79-91. (in Russ.)].Suzuki S, Kudo H, Koyama T. Assessment of spontaneous platelet aggregation using laser light scattering in healthy subjects: an attempt to standardize. Int J Lab Hematol. 2014;36(6):676-85. Doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12208.Suzuki S, Kudo H, Koyama T. Assessment of spontaneous platelet aggregation using laser light scattering in healthy subjects: an attempt to standardize. Int J Lab Hematol. 2014;36(6):676-85. Doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12208.Чефу С.Г. Гендерные особенности агрегационной активности тромбоцитов у крыс стока Wistar / И.З. Чхаидзе, Л.Н. Бельдиман, Е.Ю. Васина, Н.Н. Петрищев // Научная интеграция в биомедицине: фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты : сб. науч. труд. – Санкт-Петербург, 2023. – С. 272–288. [Chefu SG, Chkhaidze IZ, Beldiman LN, Vasina EYu, Petrishchev NN. Gender differences of Wistar rat platelet activity. In the collection: Scientific integration in biomedicine: fundamental and applied aspects. St. Petersburg, 2023:272-288. (in Russ.)].Чефу С.Г. Гендерные особенности агрегационной активности тромбоцитов у крыс стока Wistar / И.З. Чхаидзе, Л.Н. Бельдиман, Е.Ю. Васина, Н.Н. Петрищев // Научная интеграция в биомедицине: фундаментальные и прикладные аспекты : сб. науч. труд. – Санкт-Петербург, 2023. – С. 272–288. [Chefu SG, Chkhaidze IZ, Beldiman LN, Vasina EYu, Petrishchev NN. Gender differences of Wistar rat platelet activity. In the collection: Scientific integration in biomedicine: fundamental and applied aspects. St. Petersburg, 2023:272-288. (in Russ.)].Власов Т.Д., Яшин С.М. Артериальные и венозные тромбозы. Всегда ли применима триада Вирхова? // Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. ‒ 2022.‒ № 21 (1). ‒ С.78‒86. [Vlasov TD, Yashin SM. Arterial and venous thrombosis. Is the Virchow’s triad always valid? Regional blood circulation and microcirculation. 2022;21(1):78-86. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.24884/1682-6655-2022-21-1-78-86.Власов Т.Д., Яшин С.М. Артериальные и венозные тромбозы. Всегда ли применима триада Вирхова? // Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. ‒ 2022.‒ № 21 (1). ‒ С.78‒86. [Vlasov TD, Yashin SM. Arterial and venous thrombosis. Is the Virchow’s triad always valid? Regional blood circulation and microcirculation. 2022;21(1):78-86. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.24884/1682-6655-2022-21-1-78-86.Yakusheva AA, Butov KR, Bykov GA, Závodszky G, Eckly A, Ataullakhanov FI, Gachet C, Panteleev MA, Mangin PH. Traumatic vessel injuries initiating hemostasis generate high shear conditions. Blood Adv. 2022;6(16):4834-4846. Doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007550.Yakusheva AA, Butov KR, Bykov GA, Závodszky G, Eckly A, Ataullakhanov FI, Gachet C, Panteleev MA, Mangin PH. Traumatic vessel injuries initiating hemostasis generate high shear conditions. Blood Adv. 2022;6(16):4834-4846. Doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007550.Gachet C. Platelet activation by ADP: the role of ADP antagonists. Ann Med. 2000;32 Suppl 1:15-20.Gachet C. Platelet activation by ADP: the role of ADP antagonists. Ann Med. 2000;32 Suppl 1:15-20.Kauffenstein G, Bergmeier W, Eckly A, Ohlmann P, Leon C, Cazenave JP et al. The P2Y(12) receptor induces platelet aggregation through weak activation of the alpha(IIb) beta(3) integrin – a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. FEBS Lett. 2001;505(2):281-290. Doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02824-1.Kauffenstein G, Bergmeier W, Eckly A, Ohlmann P, Leon C, Cazenave JP et al. The P2Y(12) receptor induces platelet aggregation through weak activation of the alpha(IIb) beta(3) integrin – a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. FEBS Lett. 2001;505(2):281-290. Doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02824-1.Ishii-Watabe A, Uchida E, Mizuguchi H, Hayakawa T. On the mechanism of plasmin-induced platelet aggregation. Implications of the dual role of granule ADP. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000;59(11):1345-1355. Doi: 10.1016/s00062952(00)00279-3.Ishii-Watabe A, Uchida E, Mizuguchi H, Hayakawa T. On the mechanism of plasmin-induced platelet aggregation. Implications of the dual role of granule ADP. Biochem Pharmacol. 2000;59(11):1345-1355. Doi: 10.1016/s00062952(00)00279-3.Ottaiano TF, Andrade SS, de Oliveira C, Silva MCC, Buri MV, Juliano MA, Girão MJBC, Sampaio MU, Schmaier AH, Wlodawer A, Maffei FHA, Oliva MLV. Plasma kallikrein enhances platelet aggregation response by subthreshold doses of ADP. Biochimie. 2017;135:72-81. Doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.010.Ottaiano TF, Andrade SS, de Oliveira C, Silva MCC, Buri MV, Juliano MA, Girão MJBC, Sampaio MU, Schmaier AH, Wlodawer A, Maffei FHA, Oliva MLV. Plasma kallikrein enhances platelet aggregation response by subthreshold doses of ADP. Biochimie. 2017;135:72-81. Doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.01.010.Zhang Q, Liao X, Wu F. The naphthoquinone plumbagin suppresses ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation through P2Y1-PLC signaling pathway. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017; 30(2(Suppl.)):573-578.Zhang Q, Liao X, Wu F. The naphthoquinone plumbagin suppresses ADP-induced rat platelet aggregation through P2Y1-PLC signaling pathway. Pak J Pharm Sci. 2017; 30(2(Suppl.)):573-578.Filkova AA, Martyanov AA, Garzon Dasgupta AK, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Quantitative dynamics of reversible platelet aggregation: mathematical modelling and experiments. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):6217. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42701-0.Filkova AA, Martyanov AA, Garzon Dasgupta AK, Panteleev MA, Sveshnikova AN. Quantitative dynamics of reversible platelet aggregation: mathematical modelling and experiments. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):6217. Doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-42701-0.Baurand A, Eckly A, Hechler B, Kauffenstein G, Galzi J-L, Cazenave J-P et al. Differential regulation and relocalization of the platelet P2Y receptors after activation: a way to avoid loss of hemostatic properties? Mol Pharmacol United States. 2005;67(3):721-733.Baurand A, Eckly A, Hechler B, Kauffenstein G, Galzi J-L, Cazenave J-P et al. Differential regulation and relocalization of the platelet P2Y receptors after activation: a way to avoid loss of hemostatic properties? Mol Pharmacol United States. 2005;67(3):721-733.Krause S, May J, Koslowski H, Heptinstall S, Lösche W. Enhanced Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation and red Blood Cell Fragility in Whole Blood Obtained from Patients with Diabetes. Platelets. 1991;2(4):203-206. Doi: 10.3109/09537109109005511.Krause S, May J, Koslowski H, Heptinstall S, Lösche W. Enhanced Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation and red Blood Cell Fragility in Whole Blood Obtained from Patients with Diabetes. Platelets. 1991;2(4):203-206. Doi: 10.3109/09537109109005511.Филькова А.А., Пантелеев Н.А., Свешникова А.Н. Обратимая агрегация тромбоцитов в присутствии ионов кальция: механизмы и потенциальная значимость // Вопр. гематол./онкол. и иммунопатол. в педиатрии. ‒ 2019. ‒ № 18 (3). – С. 120‒129. [Fil’kova AA, Panteleyev NA, Sveshnikova AN. Reversible platelet aggregation in the presence of calcium ions: mechanisms and potential significance. Pediatric Hematol/Oncol Immunopathol. 2019;18(3):120-129. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.24287/1726-1708-2019-18-3-120-129.Филькова А.А., Пантелеев Н.А., Свешникова А.Н. Обратимая агрегация тромбоцитов в присутствии ионов кальция: механизмы и потенциальная значимость // Вопр. гематол./онкол. и иммунопатол. в педиатрии. ‒ 2019. ‒ № 18 (3). – С. 120‒129. [Fil’kova AA, Panteleyev NA, Sveshnikova AN. Reversible platelet aggregation in the presence of calcium ions: mechanisms and potential significance. Pediatric Hematol/Oncol Immunopathol. 2019;18(3):120-129. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.24287/1726-1708-2019-18-3-120-129.Cleanthis M, Smout J, Bhattacharya V, Ashour H, Dyker A, Ford GA, Mikhailidis DP, Stansby GP. Soluble but not platelet P-selectin correlates with spontaneous platelet aggregation: a pilot study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2008;14(2):227-233. Doi: 10.1177/1076029607305915.Cleanthis M, Smout J, Bhattacharya V, Ashour H, Dyker A, Ford GA, Mikhailidis DP, Stansby GP. Soluble but not platelet P-selectin correlates with spontaneous platelet aggregation: a pilot study. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2008;14(2):227-233. Doi: 10.1177/1076029607305915.Robert H. Lee, Lucia Stefanini, Wolfgang Bergmeier. Platelet Signal Transduction. In book: Platelets. 4th ed. / eds by A.D. Michelson. Acad Press, 2019:329-348.Robert H. Lee, Lucia Stefanini, Wolfgang Bergmeier. Platelet Signal Transduction. In book: Platelets. 4th ed. / eds by A.D. Michelson. Acad Press, 2019:329-348.Duan R, Goldmann L, Li Y, Weber C, Siess W, von Hundelshausen P. Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Blood Is Mediated by FcγRIIA Stimulation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):76. Doi: 10.3390/ijms23010076.Duan R, Goldmann L, Li Y, Weber C, Siess W, von Hundelshausen P. Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Blood Is Mediated by FcγRIIA Stimulation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(1):76. Doi: 10.3390/ijms23010076.Arman M, Krauel K. Human platelet IgG Fc receptor FcγRIIA in immunity and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2015;13(6):893-908. Doi: 10.1111/jth.12905.Arman M, Krauel K. Human platelet IgG Fc receptor FcγRIIA in immunity and thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2015;13(6):893-908. Doi: 10.1111/jth.12905.Kuhnla A, Reinthaler M, Braune S, Maier A, Pindur G, Lendlein A, Jung F. Spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2019;71(4):425-435. Doi: 10.3233/CH-199006.Kuhnla A, Reinthaler M, Braune S, Maier A, Pindur G, Lendlein A, Jung F. Spontaneous and induced platelet aggregation in apparently healthy subjects in relation to age. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2019;71(4):425-435. Doi: 10.3233/CH-199006.Berlin G, Hammar M, Tapper L, Tynngård N. Effects of age, gender and menstrual cycle on platelet function assessed by impedance aggregometry. Platelets. 2019;30(4):473-479. Doi: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1466387.Berlin G, Hammar M, Tapper L, Tynngård N. Effects of age, gender and menstrual cycle on platelet function assessed by impedance aggregometry. Platelets. 2019;30(4):473-479. Doi: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1466387.Bampalis VG, Brantl SA, Siess W. Why and how to eliminate spontaneous platelet aggregation in blood measured by multiple electrode aggregometry. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10(8):17101714. Doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04819.x.Bampalis VG, Brantl SA, Siess W. Why and how to eliminate spontaneous platelet aggregation in blood measured by multiple electrode aggregometry. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10(8):17101714. Doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2012.04819.x.Mazurov AV, Khaspekova SG, Yakushkin VV, Khachikyan MV, Zyuryaev IT, Ruda MY. Spontaneous platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013;155(1):89-91. Doi: 10.1007/s10517-013-2087-3.Mazurov AV, Khaspekova SG, Yakushkin VV, Khachikyan MV, Zyuryaev IT, Ruda MY. Spontaneous platelet aggregation in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2013;155(1):89-91. Doi: 10.1007/s10517-013-2087-3.Araki S, Matsuno H, Haneda M, Koya D, Kanno Y, Kume S, Isshiki K, Araki H, Ugi S, Kawai H, Kashiwagi A, Uzu T, Maegawa H. Cilostazol attenuates spontaneous microaggregation of platelets in type 2 diabetic patients with insufficient platelet response to aspirin. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36(7):e92-e93. Doi: 10.2337/dc12-2702.Araki S, Matsuno H, Haneda M, Koya D, Kanno Y, Kume S, Isshiki K, Araki H, Ugi S, Kawai H, Kashiwagi A, Uzu T, Maegawa H. Cilostazol attenuates spontaneous microaggregation of platelets in type 2 diabetic patients with insufficient platelet response to aspirin. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36(7):e92-e93. Doi: 10.2337/dc12-2702.Wright JR, Chauhan M, Shah C, Ring A, Thomas AL, Goodall AH, Adlam D. The TICONC (Ticagrelor-Oncology) Study: Implications of P2Y12 Inhibition for Metastasis and Cancer-Associated Thrombosis. JACC CardioOncol. 2020; 2(2):236-250. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.04.009.Wright JR, Chauhan M, Shah C, Ring A, Thomas AL, Goodall AH, Adlam D. The TICONC (Ticagrelor-Oncology) Study: Implications of P2Y12 Inhibition for Metastasis and Cancer-Associated Thrombosis. JACC CardioOncol. 2020; 2(2):236-250. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.04.009.Огуркова О.Н., Суслова Т.Е., Баталов Р.Е. Иссле дование спонтанной и стимулированной агрегации тромбоцитов у пациентов с разными типами фибрилляции предсердий // Клин. лаб. диагност. ‒ 2021.‒ Т. 66, № 1. ‒ С. 35‒41. [Ogurkova ON, Suslova TE, Batalov RE. Study of spontaneous and stimulated platelet aggregation in patients with different types of atrial fibrillation. Clin Lab Diagnost. 2021;66(1):35-41. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.18821/0869-20842021-66-1-35-41.Огуркова О.Н., Суслова Т.Е., Баталов Р.Е. Иссле дование спонтанной и стимулированной агрегации тромбоцитов у пациентов с разными типами фибрилляции предсердий // Клин. лаб. диагност. ‒ 2021.‒ Т. 66, № 1. ‒ С. 35‒41. [Ogurkova ON, Suslova TE, Batalov RE. Study of spontaneous and stimulated platelet aggregation in patients with different types of atrial fibrillation. Clin Lab Diagnost. 2021;66(1):35-41. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.18821/0869-20842021-66-1-35-41.Schneider GS, Rockman CB, Berger JS. Platelet activation increases in patients undergoing vascular surgery. Thromb Res. 2014;134(5):952-956. Doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.08.009.Schneider GS, Rockman CB, Berger JS. Platelet activation increases in patients undergoing vascular surgery. Thromb Res. 2014;134(5):952-956. Doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.08.009.Umazume T, Yamada T, Morikawa M, Ishikawa S, Furuta I, Koyama T, Matsuno K, Minakami H. Platelet aggregation in citrated whole blood of the first trimester of pregnancy. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;448:60-64. Doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.011.Umazume T, Yamada T, Morikawa M, Ishikawa S, Furuta I, Koyama T, Matsuno K, Minakami H. Platelet aggregation in citrated whole blood of the first trimester of pregnancy. Clin Chim Acta. 2015;448:60-64. Doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.011.Burke N, Flood K, Muellers S, Murray A, Dunne E, Cotter B, Dempsey M, Dicker P, Geary MP, Kenny D, Malone FD. Reduced spontaneous platelet aggregation: a novel risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;199:132-136. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.010.Burke N, Flood K, Muellers S, Murray A, Dunne E, Cotter B, Dempsey M, Dicker P, Geary MP, Kenny D, Malone FD. Reduced spontaneous platelet aggregation: a novel risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2016;199:132-136. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.02.010.van Hezel ME, van Manen L, Boshuizen M, Straat M, De Cuyper IM, Beuger B, Nieuwland R, Tanck MWT, de Korte D, Zwaginga JJ, van Bruggen R, Juffermans NP. The effect of red blood cell transfusion on platelet function in critically ill patients. Thromb Res. 2019;184:115-121. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.10.028.van Hezel ME, van Manen L, Boshuizen M, Straat M, De Cuyper IM, Beuger B, Nieuwland R, Tanck MWT, de Korte D, Zwaginga JJ, van Bruggen R, Juffermans NP. The effect of red blood cell transfusion on platelet function in critically ill patients. Thromb Res. 2019;184:115-121. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.10.028.O’Brien M, Montenont E, Hu L, Nardi MA, Valdes V, Merolla M, Gettenberg G, Cavanagh K, Aberg JA, Bhardwaj N, Berger JS. Aspirin attenuates platelet activation and immune activation in HIV-1-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy: a pilot study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(3):280288. Doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828a292c.O’Brien M, Montenont E, Hu L, Nardi MA, Valdes V, Merolla M, Gettenberg G, Cavanagh K, Aberg JA, Bhardwaj N, Berger JS. Aspirin attenuates platelet activation and immune activation in HIV-1-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy: a pilot study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;63(3):280288. Doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31828a292c.Nkambule BB, Davison G, Ipp H. Platelet leukocyte aggregates and markers of platelet aggregation, immune activation and disease progression in HIV infected treatment naive asymptomatic individuals. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2015;40(4):458-467. Doi: 10.1007/s11239-015-1212-8.Nkambule BB, Davison G, Ipp H. Platelet leukocyte aggregates and markers of platelet aggregation, immune activation and disease progression in HIV infected treatment naive asymptomatic individuals. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2015;40(4):458-467. Doi: 10.1007/s11239-015-1212-8.Awamura T, Nakasone ES, Gangcuangco LM, Subia NT, Bali AJ, Chow DC, Shikuma CM, Park J. Platelet and HIV Interactions and Their Contribution to Non-AIDS Comorbidities. Biomolecules. 2023;13(11):1608. Doi: 10.3390/biom13111608.Awamura T, Nakasone ES, Gangcuangco LM, Subia NT, Bali AJ, Chow DC, Shikuma CM, Park J. Platelet and HIV Interactions and Their Contribution to Non-AIDS Comorbidities. Biomolecules. 2023;13(11):1608. Doi: 10.3390/biom13111608.Галеева Н.В. Тромбоцитарный гемостаз и хронический гепатит С // Вестн. соврем. клин. мед. ‒ 2019. ‒ № 2. ‒ С. 23‒28. [Galeyeva NV. Platelet hemostasis and chronic hepatitis C. Bull Modern Clin Med. 2019;(2):23-28. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.20969/VSKM.2019.12(2).23-28.Галеева Н.В. Тромбоцитарный гемостаз и хронический гепатит С // Вестн. соврем. клин. мед. ‒ 2019. ‒ № 2. ‒ С. 23‒28. [Galeyeva NV. Platelet hemostasis and chronic hepatitis C. Bull Modern Clin Med. 2019;(2):23-28. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.20969/VSKM.2019.12(2).23-28.Михайличенко М.И., Шаповалов К.Г., Михайличенко С.И. Изменения агрегации тромбоцитов у больных с криотравмой // Хир. практика. ‒ 2011. ‒ Т. 3. ‒ С. 21‒23. [Mikhailichenko MI, Shapovalov KG, Mikhailichenko SI. Changes of platelet aggregation in patients with create vol. Surg Pract. 2011;3:21-23. (in Russ.)].Михайличенко М.И., Шаповалов К.Г., Михайличенко С.И. Изменения агрегации тромбоцитов у больных с криотравмой // Хир. практика. ‒ 2011. ‒ Т. 3. ‒ С. 21‒23. [Mikhailichenko MI, Shapovalov KG, Mikhailichenko SI. Changes of platelet aggregation in patients with create vol. Surg Pract. 2011;3:21-23. (in Russ.)].Агрегация и размер тромбоцитов у детей с ожог овой болезнью / Левин Г.Я., Поповичева А.Н., Сосни на Л.Н., Шереметьев Ю.А. // Рос. журн. гематол. и трансфузиол. ‒ 2019. ‒ № 4. ‒ С. 462–470. [Levin GYa, Popovicheva AN, Sosnina LN, Sheremet’yev YuA. Platelet aggregation and size in children with burn disease. Russ J Hematol Transfusiol. 2019;(4):462-470. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.35754/0234-5730-2019-64-4-462-470.Агрегация и размер тромбоцитов у детей с ожог овой болезнью / Левин Г.Я., Поповичева А.Н., Сосни на Л.Н., Шереметьев Ю.А. // Рос. журн. гематол. и трансфузиол. ‒ 2019. ‒ № 4. ‒ С. 462–470. [Levin GYa, Popovicheva AN, Sosnina LN, Sheremet’yev YuA. Platelet aggregation and size in children with burn disease. Russ J Hematol Transfusiol. 2019;(4):462-470. (in Russ.)]. Doi: 10.35754/0234-5730-2019-64-4-462-470.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.