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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2025-24-2-69-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-1425</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль гиперлипидемии в развитии дисфункции эндотелия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of Hyperlipidemia in the Development of Endothelial Dysfunction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6928-7623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черноруцкий</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernoruckiy</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Черноруцкий Михаил Витальевич – ассистент кафедры патологической физиологии, тверской государственный медицинский университет</p><p>170100, г. Тверь, ул. Советская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chernoruckiy Michail V. – Assistant, Department of Pathological physiology</p><p>4, Sovetskaya str., Tver, 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">michail1911@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0304-4212</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Щеглова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shcheglova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Щеглова Наталья Евгеньевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры патологической физиологии</p><p>170100, г. Тверь, ул. Советская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shcheglova Natalia E. – Candidate of medical sciences (PhD), Department of Pathological physiology</p><p>4, Sovetskaya str., Tver, 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natali.sh45@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8435-184X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волкова Ольга Викторовна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, доцент кафедры патологической физиологии</p><p>170100, г. Тверь, ул. Советская, д. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Volkova Olga V. – Candidate of Medical Sciences (PhD), Department of Pathological physiology</p><p>4, Sovetskaya str., Tver, 170100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o-volkova64@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Черноруцкий М.В., Щеглова Н.Е., Волкова О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Черноруцкий М.В., Щеглова Н.Е., Волкова О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chernoruckiy M.V., Shcheglova N.E., Volkova O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1425">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1425</self-uri><abstract><p>Основное значение в механизме развития дисфункции эндотелия занимает продукция мощных вазоконстрикторов (эндопероксиды, эндотелины), а также цитокинов, таких как фактор некроза опухоли альфа (TNF-α), подавляющих синтез оксида азота (NO), что ведет к нарушению процессов вазорелаксации. К настоящему времени накоплено достаточно данных о том, что развитие эндотелиальной дисфункции, обусловленное в том числе количественным и качественным нарушением липидного гомеостаза, имеет важнейшее значение в прогрессировании системной сосудистой патологии. Воздействие на сосудистую стенку окисленных липопротеинов низкой плотности (окси-ЛПНП) инициирует развитие эндотелиальной недостаточности и формирование атеросклеротической бляшки. Окси-ЛПНП также опосредуют вазоконстрикцию коронарных сосудов путем уменьшения eNOS, ингибирования NO и увеличения продукции эндотелина. Развитие гиперлипидемии инициирует пролиферативный ответ эндотелиальных клеток с последующим изменением их функциональной активности и экспрессией белков «провоспалительного эндотелиального фенотипа», играющих важную роль в регуляции локального воспалительного процесса. При этом гиперэкспрессия молекул клеточной адгезии VCAM-1, ICAM-1 и E-селектина является решающим этапом в повышении адгезивной активности моноцитов и их миграции в сосудистую стенку. Важным звеном формирования эндотелиальной дисфункции при гиперлипидемии, по данным многих авторов, является изменение количества и активности эндотелиальной синтазы оксида азота (eNOS) и, как следствие, нарушение продукции NO эндотелием.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The production of powerful vasoconstrictors (endoperoxides, endothelins) and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) that suppress nitric oxide (NO) synthesis play a key role in the development of endothelial dysfunction, which leads to disruption of vasorelaxation processes. To date, sufficient data have been accumulated showing that the development of endothelial dysfunction, caused, in particular, by quantitative and qualitative disruption of lipid homeostasis, is of paramount importance in the progression of systemic vascular pathology. The effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxy-LDL) on the vascular wall initiates the development of endothelial insufficiency and the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque. Oxy-LDL also mediates vasoconstriction of coronary vessels by reducing eNOS, inhibiting NO and increasing endothelin production. The development of hyperlipidemia initiates a proliferative response of endothelial cells with subsequent changes in their functional activity and expression of proteins of the “proinflammatory endothelial phenotype” that play an important role in regulating the local inflammatory process. At the same time, hyperexpression of cell adhesion molecules VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin is a decisive step in increasing the adhesive activity of monocytes and their migration into the vascular wall. An important link in the formation of endothelial dysfunction in hyperlipidemia, according to many authors, is a change in the amount and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and, as a consequence, a violation of NO production by the endothelium.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гиперлипидемия</kwd><kwd>эндотелий</kwd><kwd>дисфункция</kwd><kwd>вазоконстрикторы</kwd><kwd>липопротеины</kwd><kwd>эндотелиальная синтаза оксида азота</kwd><kwd>окисленные липопротеины</kwd><kwd>дисфункциональные липопротеины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hyperlipidemia</kwd><kwd>endothelium</kwd><kwd>dysfunction</kwd><kwd>vasoconstrictors</kwd><kwd>lipoproteins</kwd><kwd>endothelial nitric oxide synthase</kwd><kwd>oxidized lipoproteins</kwd><kwd>dysfunctional lipoproteins</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пизов Н. А., Пизов А. 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