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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2025-24-4-40-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-1474</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Механизмы транспорта кислорода крови и система газотрансмиттеров при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanisms of Blood Oxygen Transport and Gasotransmitters System in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романчук</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanchuk</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Романчук Вита Вальдемаровна – старший преподаватель кафедры оториноларингологии и глазных болезней</p><p>230009, г. Гродно, ул. Горького, д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Romanchuk Vita V. – Senior Lecturer, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Eye Diseases</p><p>80, Gorkogo str., Grodno, 230009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vita8w8@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3077-0474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинчук</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinchuk</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинчук Виктор Владимирович – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой нормальной физиологии</p><p>230009, г. Гродно, ул. Горького, д. 80</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zinchuk Viktor V. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head, Department of Normal Physiology</p><p>80, Gorkogo str., Grodno, 230009</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zinchuk@grsmu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красильникова</surname><given-names>В. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasilnikova</surname><given-names>V. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красильникова Виктория Леонидовна – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры офтальмологии</p><p>220083, г. Минск, пр. Дзержинского, д. 83</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Krasilnikova Victoria L. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Department of Ophthalmology</p><p>83, Dzerzhinskogo str., Minsk, 220083</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">krasilnikova_vik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гродненский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Grodno State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров в здравоохранении УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Advanced Studies and Retraining of Healthcare Personnel of Belarusian State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Романчук В.В., Зинчук В.В., Красильникова В.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романчук В.В., Зинчук В.В., Красильникова В.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanchuk V.V., Zinchuk V.V., Krasilnikova V.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1474">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1474</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Глаукома представляет собой нейродегенеративное заболевание, при котором происходит медленно прогрессирующая гибель ганглиозных клеток сетчатки и их аксонов от апоптоза, важной причиной которого являются сосудистые нарушения. Цель. Оценить механизмы транспорта кислорода крови и систему газотрансмиттеров при первичной открытоугольной глаукоме (ПОУГ). Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования стали 130 человек, из них 100 пациентов имели диагноз ПОУГ I–IV стадии и 30 относительно здоровых лиц без глаукомы. Для определения параметров кровотока в сосудах, питающих зрительный нерв и сетчатку, выполнено ультразвуковое исследование глаза и орбиты в режиме цветового допплеровского картирования и импульсной допплерографии, измерена толщина хориоидеи при помощи оптической когерентной томографии, также определены уровни газотрансмиттеров (монооксида азота и сероводорода), показателей кислородтранспортной функции крови. Результаты. Выявлено, что при ПОУГ значительно снизилась максимальная систолическая скорость кровотока в глазной артерии (ГА) – на 26,1 % (p=0,012), центральной артерии сетчатки (ЦАС) – на 13,3 % (p=0,047), задних коротких цилиарных артериях (ЗКЦА) – на 21,7 % (p=0,032), отмечено снижение конечной диастолической скорости, особенно выраженное в ГА – на 42,9 % (p&lt;0,001). Индекс резистентности в ГА повышен на 7,6 % (p=0,022), в ЦАС и ЗКЦА – на 4,3 % (p=0,040; p=0,048 соответственно (p&lt;0,001)); выявлено истончение хориоидеи на 14,1 % (p&lt;0,001). Установлено нарушение продукции газотрансмиттеров (увеличена концентрация монооксида азота на 47,1 % (p&lt;0,001), снижен уровень сероводорода на 28,0 % (p&lt;0,001)), увеличилось сродство гемоглобина к кислороду (показатель р50реал снизился на 5,8 % (p=0,003), р50станд – на 7,9 % (р&lt;0,001)). Заключение. Изменения сосудистых механизмов транспорта кислорода, уровня газотрансмиттеров и кислородсвязующих свойств крови способствуют ишемическому повреждению зрительного нерва и прогрессированию глаукомы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the gradual loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons through apoptosis. Vascular disturbances play a significant role as an underlying cause. Objective. To evaluate the mechanisms of blood oxygen transport and gasotransmitters system in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Materials and Methods. The study included 130 subjects: 100 patients diagnosed with POAG stages I–IV and 30 relatively healthy individuals without glaucoma. Ultrasound examination of the eye and orbit was performed using color Doppler imaging and pulse Doppler velocimetry to assess blood flow parameters in vessels supplying the optic nerve and retina. Choroid thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. Levels of gasotransmitters (nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide) and blood oxygen transport function indicators were also determined. Results. Significant reductions in maximum systolic blood flow velocity were observed in POAG: by 26.1% in the ophthalmic artery (p=0.012), 13.3% in the central retinal artery (p=0.047), and 21.7% in the short posterior ciliary arteries (p=0.032). The end-diastolic velocity also decreased, especially in the ophthalmic artery, by 42.9% (p&lt;0.001). The resistive index increased by 7.6% in the ophthalmic artery (p=0.022), and by 4.3% in the central retinal artery and short posterior ciliary arteries (p=0.040 and p=0.048, respectively). Choroid thickness decreased by 14.1% (p&lt;0.001). Gasotransmitter production was disturbed: nitric oxide levels increased by 47.1% (p&lt;0.001) and hydrogen sulfide decreased by 28.0% (p&lt;0.001). Hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen increased, with the real p50 decreasing by 5.8% (p=0.003) and the standard p50 by 7.9% (p&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Changes in vascular oxygen transport mechanisms, gasotransmitter levels, and blood oxygen-binding properties contribute to ischemic damage of the optic nerve and glaucoma progression.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичная открытоугольная глаукома</kwd><kwd>скорость кровотока</kwd><kwd>толщина хориоидеи</kwd><kwd>газотрансмиттеры</kwd><kwd>монооксид азота</kwd><kwd>сероводород</kwd><kwd>кислород</kwd><kwd>гемоглобин</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary open-angle glaucoma</kwd><kwd>blood flow velocity</kwd><kwd>choroidal thickness</kwd><kwd>gasotransmitters</kwd><kwd>nitric oxide</kwd><kwd>hydrogen sulfide</kwd><kwd>oxygen</kwd><kwd>hemoglobin</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта БРФФИ № М24-083.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed using funds from the Belarusian Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research (BRFFR) (Ggrant № М24-083).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Engin K., Yemişci B., Bayramoğlu S. et al. 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