<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2026-25-2-54-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-1549</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ (ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES (EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Биорезорбируемые тканеинженерные сосудистые протезы малого диаметра из поли(L-лактида)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Bioresorbable Tissue-Engineered Vascular Prostheses of Small Diameter Made of Poly(L-lactide)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-4914</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кривенцов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kriventsov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Викторович Кривенцов, канд. мед. наук, руководитель отделения,  врач сердечно-сосудистый хирург</p><p>кардиохирургическое отделение</p><p>194044; ул. Академика Лебедева, д. 6; 197022; ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Kriventsov, Candidate (PhD) of Medical Sciences, Head at the Department, Cardiovascular Surgeon, laboratory Assistant</p><p>Cardiac Surgery Department</p><p>194044; 6, Academica Lebedeva str.; 197022; 6-8, L’va Tolstogo str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sascha_jiembet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9229-5293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexandrov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Николаевич Александров, д-р мед. наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>194100; ул. Литовская, 2; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor N. Alexandrov, Professor, MD, Senior Researcher</p><p>194100; 2, Litovskaya str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vnaleks9@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9242-9941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубулава</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubulava</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Геннадий Григорьевич Хубулава, академик Ран, д-р мед. наук, профессор, руководитель НИЦ</p><p>НИЦ ССХ</p><p>197022; ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gennady G. Khubulava, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, MD, Head at the Center</p><p>Scientific research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery</p><p>197022; 6-8, L’va Tolstogo str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-0360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Вячеславовна Михайлова, канд. мед. наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>194100; ул. Литовская, 2; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Mikhailova, Candidate (PhD) of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher</p><p>194100; 2, Litovskaya str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5478-5630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попрядухин</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popryadukhin</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Васильевич Попрядухин, канд. техн. наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>199004; Васильевский остров, Большой проспект, д. 31; 195251; ул. Политехническая, д. 29;  Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel V. Popryadukhin, Candidate (PhD) of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher</p><p>199004; 31, Bolshoy pr., Vasilievsky Island; 195251; 29, Politekhnicheskaya str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5517-4767</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юдин</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yudin</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Евгеньевич Юдин, д-р физ.-мат. наук, главный научный сотрудник, руководитель лаборатории</p><p>лаборатория 8 «Механика полимеров и композиционных материалов»</p><p>199004; Васильевский остров, Большой проспект, д. 31; 195251; ул. Политехническая, д. 29;  Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>VlaDiMir E. Yudin, Doctor of Physico-Mathematical Sciences, Chief Researcher, Head at the Laboratory</p><p>Laboratory 8 of Polymer Mechanics and Composite Materials</p><p>199004; 31, Bolshoy pr., Vasilievsky Island; 195251; 29, Politekhnicheskaya str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yudinve@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-1224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заря</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaria</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илья Олегович Заря, врач – сердечно-сосудистый хирург</p><p>197022; ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8; Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilia O. Zaria, Cardiovascular Surgeon</p><p>197022; 6-8, L’va Tolstogo str.; Saint Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zaria.ilia6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Военно-медицинская академия имени С. М. Кирова» Министерства обороны Российской Федерации; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования&#13;
«Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Military Medical Academy; Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки «Институт высокомолекулярных соединений Российской академии наук»; Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский политехнический университет Петра Великого»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>54</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кривенцов А.В., Александров В.Н., Хубулава Г.Г., Михайлова Е.В., Попрядухин П.В., Юдин В.Е., Заря И.О., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кривенцов А.В., Александров В.Н., Хубулава Г.Г., Михайлова Е.В., Попрядухин П.В., Юдин В.Е., Заря И.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kriventsov A.V., Alexandrov V.N., Khubulava G.G., Mikhailova E.V., Popryadukhin P.V., Yudin V.E., Zaria I.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1549">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/1549</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>   Введение</title><p>   Введение. Реконструктивная хирургия сосудов малого диаметра остается актуальной задачей из-за ограничений аутовенозных графтов и проблем с нерезорбируемыми синтетическими протезами, особенно в детской хирургии, где необходимость в повторных операциях велика. Полилактидные протезы представляют перспективную биорезорбируемую альтернативу с тромборезистентностью и стимуляцией тканевой регенерации.</p><p>   Цель – оценить эффективность и безопасность поли(L-лактидных) тканеинженерных сосудистых протезов малого диаметра в эксперименте на крысах, включая механические свойства, биосовместимость и риски осложнений.</p></sec><sec><title>   Материалы и методы</title><p>   Материалы и методы. В исследованиях использовали 50 самцов крыс Wistar с имплантацией протезов из полилактида в инфраренальный отдел аорты. Оперативная методика включала срединную лапаротомию и анастомозы «конец в конец». Мониторинг состояния протезов осуществлялся ультразвуковым ангиосканированием, мультиспиральнойкомпьютерной томографией – ангиографией, гистологическим и иммуногистохимическим анализом на сроках 4, 12, 24 и 48 недель.</p></sec><sec><title>   Результаты</title><p>   Результаты. За 48 недель наблюдения у животных отсутствовали признаки нарушения кровотока и трофические изменения. Диаметр протезов сохранялся стабильным, а данные гистологического исследования показали формирование неоинтимы. Проходимость сосудов с полилактидными протезами составила 83 %, при этом тромбозы встречались в 17 % случаев. Однако у 53 % животных выявлены аневризмы протезов в зонах анастомозов.</p></sec><sec><title>   Заключение</title><p>   Заключение. Поли(L)-лактидные протезы обладают биорезорбируемостью, тромборезистентностью и оптимальными механическими свойствами, что делает их перспективными для сосудистой реконструктивной хирургии. Вместе с тем высокий риск аневризм в области анастомозов требует дальнейших исследованийи улучшения материалов и методик имплантации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>   Introduction</title><p>   Introduction. Reconstructive surgery of small-diameter vessels remains an urgent task due to the limitations of autovenous grafts and problems with nonresorbable synthetic prostheses, especially in pediatric surgery, where the need for repeated operations is high. Polylactide prostheses represent a promising bioresorbable alternative with thromboresistance and stimulation of tissue regeneration.</p></sec><sec><title>   Objective</title><p>   Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of poly(L-lactide) tissue-engineered vascular prostheses of small diameter in an experiment on rats, including mechanical properties, biocompatibility and risks of complications.</p></sec><sec><title>   Materials and Methods</title><p>   Materials and Methods. This study used 50 male Wistar rats with polylactide prostheses implanted in the infrarenal aorta. The surgical technique included median laparotomy and end-to-end anastomoses. The condition of the prostheses was monitored by ultrasound angioscanning, multispiral computed tomography angiography, histological and immunohistochemical analysis at 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks.</p></sec><sec><title>   Results</title><p>   Results. During the 48-week follow-up, the animals showed no signs of impaired blood flow and trophic changes. The diameter of the prostheses remained stable, and the histological examination data showed the formation of a neointima. Vascular patency with polylactide prostheses was 83 %, while thrombosis occurred in 17 % of cases. However, 53 % of the animals had prosthetic aneurysms in the anastomosis areas.</p></sec><sec><title>   Conclusion</title><p>   Conclusion. Poly(L)-lactide prostheses have bioresorbability, thromboresistance and optimal mechanical properties, which makes them promising for vascular reconstructive surgery. At the same time, the high risk of aneurysms in the area of anastomoses requires further research and improvement of implantation materials and techniques.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тканеинженерные конструкции</kwd><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd><kwd>поли(L-лактид)</kwd><kwd>сосудистая реконструктивная хирургия</kwd><kwd>сосудистые протезы малого диаметра</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tissue engineering constructs</kwd><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd><kwd>poly(L-lactide)</kwd><kwd>vascular reconstructive surgery</kwd><kwd>small-diameter vascular prostheses</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hibino N, McGillicuddy E, Matsumura G, et al. Late-term results of tissue-engineered vascular grafts in humans. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2010;139(2):431–436. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hibino N, McGillicuddy E, Matsumura G, et al. Late-term results of tissue-engineered vascular grafts in humans. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2010;139(2):431–436. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.09.057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klinkert P, Post PN, Breslau PJ, van Bockel JH. Saphenous vein versus PTFE for above-knee femoropop-liteal bypass. A review of the literature. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2004;27(4):357–362. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2003.12.027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klinkert P, Post PN, Breslau PJ, van Bockel JH. Saphenous vein versus PTFE for above-knee femoropop-liteal bypass. A review of the literature. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2004;27(4):357–362. Doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2003.12.027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Niklason LE, Gao J, Abbott WM, et al. Functional arteries grown in vitro. Science. 1999;284(5413):489–493. Doi: 10.1126/science.284.5413.489.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Niklason LE, Gao J, Abbott WM, et al. Functional arteries grown in vitro. Science. 1999;284(5413):489–493. Doi: 10.1126/science.284.5413.489.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berglund JD, Mohseni MM, Nerem RM, Sambanis A. A biological hybrid model for collagen-based tissue engineered vascular constructs. Biomaterials. 2003;24(7):1241–1254. Doi: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00506-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berglund JD, Mohseni MM, Nerem RM, Sambanis A. A biological hybrid model for collagen-based tissue engineered vascular constructs. Biomaterials. 2003;24(7):1241–1254. Doi: 10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00506-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravi S, Qu Z, Chaikof EL. Polymeric materials for tissue engineering of arterial substitutes. Vascular. 2009;17(Suppl 1):45–54. Doi: 10.2310/6670.2008.00084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ravi S, Qu Z, Chaikof EL. Polymeric materials for tissue engineering of arterial substitutes. Vascular. 2009;17(Suppl 1):45–54. Doi: 10.2310/6670.2008.00084.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim BS, Park IK, Hoshiba T, et al. Design of artificial extracellular matrices for tissue engineering. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011;36(2):238–268. Doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci. 2010.10.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim BS, Park IK, Hoshiba T, et al. Design of artificial extracellular matrices for tissue engineering. Prog. Polym. Sci. 2011;36(2):238–268. Doi: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci. 2010.10.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shum-Tim D, Stock U, Hrkach J, et al. Tissue engineering of autologous aorta using a new biodegradable polymer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1999;68(6):2298–2304. Doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01055-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shum-Tim D, Stock U, Hrkach J, et al. Tissue engineering of autologous aorta using a new biodegradable polymer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 1999;68(6):2298–2304. Doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(99)01055-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shin’oka T, Matsumura G, Hibino N, et al. Midterm clinical result of tissue – engineered vascular autografts seeded with autologous bone marrow cells. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2005;129(6):1330–1338. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.12.047.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shin’oka T, Matsumura G, Hibino N, et al. Midterm clinical result of tissue – engineered vascular autografts seeded with autologous bone marrow cells. J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2005;129(6):1330–1338. Doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2004.12.047.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maduka CV, Alhaj M, Ural E, et al. Stereochemistry Determines Immune Cellular Responses to Polylactide Implants. ACS Biomaterials Science &amp; Engineering. 2023;9(2):932–943. Doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01279.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maduka CV, Alhaj M, Ural E, et al. Stereochemistry Determines Immune Cellular Responses to Polylactide Implants. ACS Biomaterials Science &amp; Engineering. 2023;9(2):932–943. Doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01279.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao L, Li X, Yang L, et al. Evaluation of remodeling and regeneration of electrospun PCL/fibrin vascular grafts in vivo. Materials science and engineering. C, Materials for biological applications. 2021;118(1):1–12. Doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111441.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao L, Li X, Yang L, et al. Evaluation of remodeling and regeneration of electrospun PCL/fibrin vascular grafts in vivo. Materials science and engineering. C, Materials for biological applications. 2021;118(1):1–12. Doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111441.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang F, Bambharoliya T, Xie Y, et al. A hybrid vascular graft harnessing the superior mechanical properties of synthetic fibers and the biological performance of collagen filaments. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021;118:111418. Doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111418.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang F, Bambharoliya T, Xie Y, et al. A hybrid vascular graft harnessing the superior mechanical properties of synthetic fibers and the biological performance of collagen filaments. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2021;118:111418. Doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111418.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fayon A, Menu P, El Omar R. Cellularized small-caliber tissue-engineered vascular grafts: looking for the ultimate gold standard. NPJ Regen Med. 2021;6(1):46. Doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00155-x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fayon A, Menu P, El Omar R. Cellularized small-caliber tissue-engineered vascular grafts: looking for the ultimate gold standard. NPJ Regen Med. 2021;6(1):46. Doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00155-x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuang H, Wang Y, Shi Y, et al. Construction and performance evaluation of Hep/silk-PLCL composite nanofiber small-caliber artificial blood vessel graft. Biomaterials. 2020;259:120288. Doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120288.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuang H, Wang Y, Shi Y, et al. Construction and performance evaluation of Hep/silk-PLCL composite nanofiber small-caliber artificial blood vessel graft. Biomaterials. 2020;259:120288. Doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120288.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Teng Y, Zhang X, Song L, et al. Construction of anti-calcification small-diameter vascular grafts using decellularized extracellular matrix/poly (L-lactide-co-ε- caprolactone) and baicalin-cathepsin S inhibitor. Acta Biomater. 2025;197:184–201. Doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2025.03.033.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Teng Y, Zhang X, Song L, et al. Construction of anti-calcification small-diameter vascular grafts using decellularized extracellular matrix/poly (L-lactide-co-ε- caprolactone) and baicalin-cathepsin S inhibitor. Acta Biomater. 2025;197:184–201. Doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2025.03.033.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozdemir S, Oztemur J, Sezgin H, Yalcin-Enis I. Optimization of Electrospun Bilayer Vascular Grafts through Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Monolayers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024;10(2):960–974. Doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01161.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozdemir S, Oztemur J, Sezgin H, Yalcin-Enis I. Optimization of Electrospun Bilayer Vascular Grafts through Assessment of the Mechanical Properties of Monolayers. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2024;10(2):960–974. Doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01161.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
