<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2015-14-3-40-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-27</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES (CLINICAL INVESTIGATIONS)</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Состояние системы микроциркуляции у больных с артериальной гипертензией в сочетании с ишемической болезнью сердца и нарушениями когнитивных функций на терапии Актовегином</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Microcirculation in patients with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and cognitive impairment on treatment with Actovegin</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федорович</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorovich</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">faa-micro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соболева</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soboleva</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс; ГНЦРФ Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex; Institute of Biomedical Problems Russian Academy of Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский кардиологический научно-производственный комплекс</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федорович А.А., Соболева Г.Н., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федорович А.А., Соболева Г.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorovich A.A., Soboleva G.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/27">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/27</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель - изучить динамику микроциркуляции у больных с артериальной гипертензией (АГ) в сочетании с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) и нарушениями когнитивных функций в процессе антигипертензивной и нейрометаболической терапии. Материалы и методы исследования. 60 пациентов с АГ П-Ш стадии и ИБС (функциональный класс I-II) с легкими и умеренными нарушениями когнитивных функций были рандомизированы на две группы. Пациентам первой группы (Актовегин) антигипертензивная терапия была дополнена курсовым приемом препарата нейрометаболического действия (Актовегин). Пациенты второй группы получали только антигипертензивную терапию (группа сравнения - ГС). Всем пациентам проводили исследование микроциркуляции в коже методом лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии и капилляроскопии и тестирование когнитивных функций на устойчивость внимания (проба Шульте) в трех точках: 1 - до начала коррекции антигипертензивной терапии, 2 - после достижения целевых значений артериального давления (АД); 3 - через 4-5 недель. Результаты исследования. Подбор эффективных комбинаций и дозировок антигипертензивных препаратов различных классов привел к достижению целевых уровней АД у всех пациентов в обеих группах. В группе Актовегин во второй и третьей точках отмечается достоверное (p&lt;0,001) улучшение когнитивных функций, увеличение количества функционирующих капилляров (p&lt;0,05), уменьшение степени гидратации интерстициального пространства (p&lt;0,05) и уменьшение времени развития постокклюзионной реактивной гиперемии (p&lt;0,05). У пациентов ГС достоверной положительной динамики на уровне микроциркуляторного русла кожи и когнитивных функций не выявлено. Выводы. Достижение целевого уровня АД не приводит к улучшению когнитивных функций. Дополнение антигиперетензивной терапии препаратом нейрометаболического действия (Актовегин) не оказывает влияния на уровень АД, но увеличивает количество функционирующих капилляров, уменьшает скрытую задержку воды в тканях и способствует восстановлению нарушенных когнитивных функций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To investigate the effect of antihypertensive and neurometabolic treatment on the microcirculation in patients with arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and cognitive impairment. Materials and methods. In total 60 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) of 2-3 stage, coronary heart disease (extertional angina I-II functional class) and mild cognitive impairment were randomized into two groups. In first group, patients were administered antihypertensive medication and course of Actovegin (Actovegin group) while in second group patients received only antihypertensive treatment (control group). Assesment of skin microcirculation by performing of capillaroscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry and assessment of cognitive function (Shulte table) were provided three times: 1 - before antihypertensive treatment correction, 2 - at reaching of target blood pressure (BP), 3 in 4-5 weeks after. Results. Adjustment of therapy led to appropriate blood pressure control in both groups without significant differences between them. Patients in Actovegin group had significant cognitive improvement (p&lt;0.001), significant increase in amount of functioning capillaries (p&lt;0.05), decrease in the degree of hydration of interstitial space (p&lt;0.05) and reduced time of reactive postocclusive hyperemia (p&lt;0.05) at the second and third timepoint. There was no positive changes in skin microcirculation nor cognitive functions in control group. Conclusion. Reaching of target BP did not result in cognitive improvement. Concomitant use of Actovegin and antihypertensive treatment did not influence BP level but led to the reducing of functional rarefication and latent water retention in tissues as well as to cognitive impairment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>ишемическая болезнь сердца</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>когнитивные функции</kwd><kwd>капилляроскопия</kwd><kwd>лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия</kwd><kwd>рарефикация</kwd><kwd>актовегин</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>coronary heart disease</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>cognitive function</kwd><kwd>capillaroscopy</kwd><kwd>laser Doppler flowmetry</kwd><kwd>rarefication</kwd><kwd>actovegin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гурфинкель Ю.И., Макеева О.В., Острожинский В.А. Особенности микроциркуляции, эндотелиальной функции и скорости распространения пульсовой волны у пациентов с начальными стадиями артериальной гипертензии // Функц. диагн. 2010. № 2. С. 18-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гурфинкель Ю.И., Макеева О.В., Острожинский В.А. Особенности микроциркуляции, эндотелиальной функции и скорости распространения пульсовой волны у пациентов с начальными стадиями артериальной гипертензии // Функц. диагн. 2010. № 2. С. 18-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Рекомендации РМОАГ // Кардиол. вест. 2015. № 1. С. 5-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Диагностика и лечение артериальной гипертонии. Рекомендации РМОАГ // Кардиол. вест. 2015. № 1. С. 5-30.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захаров В.В., Соснина В.Б. Применение антигипоксантов в лечении когнитивных нарушений у больных с сахарным диабетом // Невролог. ж. 2008. № 5. С. 39-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Захаров В.В., Соснина В.Б. Применение антигипоксантов в лечении когнитивных нарушений у больных с сахарным диабетом // Невролог. ж. 2008. № 5. С. 39-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов М.В., Воскресенская О.Н., Захарова Н.Б. Эндотелиальная дисфункция и процессы апоптоза в патогенезе когнитивных нарушений у больных с артериальной гипертензией // Бюлл. сиб. мед. 2009. № 1(2). С. 27-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Иванов М.В., Воскресенская О.Н., Захарова Н.Б. Эндотелиальная дисфункция и процессы апоптоза в патогенезе когнитивных нарушений у больных с артериальной гипертензией // Бюлл. сиб. мед. 2009. № 1(2). С. 27-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Левин О.С. Когнитивные нарушения в практике терапевта: заболевания сердечнососудистой системы // CONS. MED. 2009. № 2. С. 55-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Левин О.С. Когнитивные нарушения в практике терапевта: заболевания сердечнососудистой системы // CONS. MED. 2009. № 2. С. 55-61.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Остроумова О.Д., Галеева Н.Ю., Первичко Е.И. Коррекция когнитивных нарушений Актовегином у больных гипертонической болезнью // Мед. Алф. Больница - все для ЛПУ 2012. № 4. С. 24-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Остроумова О.Д., Галеева Н.Ю., Первичко Е.И. Коррекция когнитивных нарушений Актовегином у больных гипертонической болезнью // Мед. Алф. Больница - все для ЛПУ 2012. № 4. С. 24-28.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Старчина Ю.А., Парфенов В.А. Память и другие когнитивные функции у больных с артериальной гипертензией // Клин. геронт. 2004. № 8. С. 33-39.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Старчина Ю.А., Парфенов В.А. Память и другие когнитивные функции у больных с артериальной гипертензией // Клин. геронт. 2004. № 8. С. 33-39.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Суслина З.А., Гераскина Л.А., Фонякин А.В. Артериальная гипертония, сосудистая патология мозга и антигипертензивное лечение // Москва 2006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Суслина З.А., Гераскина Л.А., Фонякин А.В. Артериальная гипертония, сосудистая патология мозга и антигипертензивное лечение // Москва 2006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Учкин И.Г., Зудин А.М., Багдасарян А.Г., Федорович А.А. Влияние фармакотерапии хронических облитерирующих заболеваний артерий нижних конечностей на состояние микроциркуляторного русла // Ангиол. и сос. хир. 2014. № 2. С. 27-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Учкин И.Г., Зудин А.М., Багдасарян А.Г., Федорович А.А. Влияние фармакотерапии хронических облитерирующих заболеваний артерий нижних конечностей на состояние микроциркуляторного русла // Ангиол. и сос. хир. 2014. № 2. С. 27-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорович А.А. Неинвазивная оценка вазомоторной и метаболической функции микрососудистого эндотелия в коже человека //Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2013. Т. 12. № 2 (46). С. 15-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Федорович А.А. Неинвазивная оценка вазомоторной и метаболической функции микрососудистого эндотелия в коже человека //Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2013. Т. 12. № 2 (46). С. 15-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорович А.А. Эндотелий микрососудов как мишень терапевтического воздействия // Ангиол. и сос. хир. 2013. Т. 19. № 4. С. 27-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Федорович А.А. Эндотелий микрососудов как мишень терапевтического воздействия // Ангиол. и сос. хир. 2013. Т. 19. № 4. С. 27-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федорович А.А. Функциональное состояние регуляторных механизмов микроциркуляторного кровотока в норме и при артериальной гипертензии по данным лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии // Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2010. Т. 9. № 1 (33). С. 49-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Федорович А.А. Функциональное состояние регуляторных механизмов микроциркуляторного кровотока в норме и при артериальной гипертензии по данным лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии // Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция. 2010. Т. 9. № 1 (33). С. 49-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ancelin M.L., Ripoche E., Dupuy A.M. et al. Gender-specific associations between lipids and cognitive decline in the elderly // Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014. Vol. 24. № 7. P. 1056-1066.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ancelin M.L., Ripoche E., Dupuy A.M. et al. Gender-specific associations between lipids and cognitive decline in the elderly // Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014. Vol. 24. № 7. P. 1056-1066.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonios T.F.T., Rattray F.M., Singer D.R.J. et al. Rarefaction of skin capillaries in normotensive offspring of individuals with essential hypertension // Heart. 2003. Vol. 89. P. 175-178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonios T.F.T., Rattray F.M., Singer D.R.J. et al. Rarefaction of skin capillaries in normotensive offspring of individuals with essential hypertension // Heart. 2003. Vol. 89. P. 175-178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antonios T.F.T., Singer D.R.J., Markandu N.D. et al. Rarefaction of skin capillaries in borderline essential hypertension suggests an early structural abnormality // Hypertens. 1999. Vol. 34. P. 655-658.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antonios T.F.T., Singer D.R.J., Markandu N.D. et al. Rarefaction of skin capillaries in borderline essential hypertension suggests an early structural abnormality // Hypertens. 1999. Vol. 34. P. 655-658.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buchmayer F., Pleiner J., Elmlinger M.W. et al. Actovegin®: a biological drug for more than 5 decades // Wien. Med. Wochensch. 2011. Vol. 161. № 3-4. P. 80-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buchmayer F., Pleiner J., Elmlinger M.W. et al. Actovegin®: a biological drug for more than 5 decades // Wien. Med. Wochensch. 2011. Vol. 161. № 3-4. P. 80-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng C., Dascalakis C., Falkner B. Capillary rarefaction in treated and untreated hypertensive subjects // Ther. Adv. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2008. Vol. 2. № 2. P. 79-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng C., Dascalakis C., Falkner B. Capillary rarefaction in treated and untreated hypertensive subjects // Ther. Adv. Cardiovasc. Dis. 2008. Vol. 2. № 2. P. 79-88.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coulon P., Constans J., Gosse P. Impairment of skin blood flow during post-occlusive reactive hyperhemy assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry correlates with renal resistive index // J. Human. Hypertens. 2012. Vol. 26. P. 56-63.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coulon P., Constans J., Gosse P. Impairment of skin blood flow during post-occlusive reactive hyperhemy assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry correlates with renal resistive index // J. Human. Hypertens. 2012. Vol. 26. P. 56-63.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debbabi H., Bonnin P., Levy B. I. Effects of blood pressure control with perindopril/indapamide on the microcirculation in hypertensive patients // Am. J. Hypertens. 2010. Vol. 23. P. 1136-1143.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debbabi H., Bonnin P., Levy B. I. Effects of blood pressure control with perindopril/indapamide on the microcirculation in hypertensive patients // Am. J. Hypertens. 2010. Vol. 23. P. 1136-1143.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Debbabi H., Uzan L., Mourad J.J. et al. Increased skin capillary density in treated essential hypertensive patients // Am. J. Hypertens. 2006. Vol. 19. P. 477-483.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debbabi H., Uzan L., Mourad J.J. et al. Increased skin capillary density in treated essential hypertensive patients // Am. J. Hypertens. 2006. Vol. 19. P. 477-483.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dregan A., Stewart R., Gulliford M.C. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in adults aged 50 and over: a population-based cohort study // Age Ageing. 2013; 42(3): 338-345.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dregan A., Stewart R., Gulliford M.C. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive decline in adults aged 50 and over: a population-based cohort study // Age Ageing. 2013; 42(3): 338-345.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubiel M., Krolczyk J., Gasowski J., Grodzicki T. Skin microcirculation and echocardiographic and biochemical indices of left ventricular dysfunction in non-diabetic patients with heart failure // J. Cardiol. 2011. Vol. 18. № 3. P. 270-276.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubiel M., Krolczyk J., Gasowski J., Grodzicki T. Skin microcirculation and echocardiographic and biochemical indices of left ventricular dysfunction in non-diabetic patients with heart failure // J. Cardiol. 2011. Vol. 18. № 3. P. 270-276.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elmlinger M.W., Kriebel M., Ziegler D. Neuroprotective and anti-oxidative effects of the hemodialysate actovegin on primary rat neurons in vitro // Neuromolec. Med. 2011. Vol. 13. № 4. P. 266-274.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elmlinger M.W., Kriebel M., Ziegler D. Neuroprotective and anti-oxidative effects of the hemodialysate actovegin on primary rat neurons in vitro // Neuromolec. Med. 2011. Vol. 13. № 4. P. 266-274.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fedorovich A.A. Non-invasive evaluation of vasomotor and metabolic functions of microvascular endothelium in human skin // Microvasc. Res. 2012. Vol. 84. № 1. P. 86-93.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fedorovich A.A. Non-invasive evaluation of vasomotor and metabolic functions of microvascular endothelium in human skin // Microvasc. Res. 2012. Vol. 84. № 1. P. 86-93.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feihl F., Liaudet L., Waeber B., Levy B.I. Hypertension: a disease of the microcirculation? // Hypertens. 2006. Vol. 48. P. 1012-1017.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feihl F., Liaudet L., Waeber B., Levy B.I. Hypertension: a disease of the microcirculation? // Hypertens. 2006. Vol. 48. P. 1012-1017.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forette F., Seux M.L., Staessen J.A. et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial // Lancet. 1998. Vol. 352. P. 1247-1351.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forette F., Seux M.L., Staessen J.A. et al. Prevention of dementia in randomised double-blind placebo-controlled Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) trial // Lancet. 1998. Vol. 352. P. 1247-1351.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haak E., Abletshauser C., Weber S. et al. Fluvastatin therapy improves microcirculation in patients with hyperlipidaemia // Atheroscl. 2001. Vol. 155. P. 395-401.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haak E., Abletshauser C., Weber S. et al. Fluvastatin therapy improves microcirculation in patients with hyperlipidaemia // Atheroscl. 2001. Vol. 155. P. 395-401.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hansell J., Henareh L., Agewall S., Norman M. Non-invasive assessment ofendothelial function - relation between vasodilatory responses in skin microcirculation and brachial artery // Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imag. 2004. Vol. 24. P. 317-322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hansell J., Henareh L., Agewall S., Norman M. Non-invasive assessment ofendothelial function - relation between vasodilatory responses in skin microcirculation and brachial artery // Clin. Physiol. Funct. Imag. 2004. Vol. 24. P. 317-322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henderson A.S. Dementia // World Health Organization, Geneva. 1994.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henderson A.S. Dementia // World Health Organization, Geneva. 1994.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holovatz L.A., Thompson-Torgerson C.S., Kenney W.L. The human cutaneous circulation as model of generalized microvascular function // J. Appl. Physiol. 2008. Vol. 105. P. 370-372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holovatz L.A., Thompson-Torgerson C.S., Kenney W.L. The human cutaneous circulation as model of generalized microvascular function // J. Appl. Physiol. 2008. Vol. 105. P. 370-372.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hudetz A.G. Percolation phenomenon: the effect of capillary network rarefaction // Microvasc. Res. 1993. Vol. 45. P. 1-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hudetz A.G. Percolation phenomenon: the effect of capillary network rarefaction // Microvasc. Res. 1993. Vol. 45. P. 1-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaiser S.E., Sanjuliani A.F., Estato V. et al. Antihypertensive treatment improves microvascular rarefaction and reactivity in low-risk hypertensive individuals // Microcirc. 2013. Vol. 20. P. 703-716.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaiser S.E., Sanjuliani A.F., Estato V. et al. Antihypertensive treatment improves microvascular rarefaction and reactivity in low-risk hypertensive individuals // Microcirc. 2013. Vol. 20. P. 703-716.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanishcheva E., Fedorovich A., Loukianov M., Boytsov S. Capillary nail bed parameters in hypertensives and normotensives in age group of 60-80 years // J. Hypertens. 2010. Vol. 28. P. E182.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanishcheva E., Fedorovich A., Loukianov M., Boytsov S. Capillary nail bed parameters in hypertensives and normotensives in age group of 60-80 years // J. Hypertens. 2010. Vol. 28. P. E182.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kearney P.M., Whelton M., Reynolds K. et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data // Lancet 2005. Vol. 365. P. 217-223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kearney P.M., Whelton M., Reynolds K. et al. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data // Lancet 2005. Vol. 365. P. 217-223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kilander L., Nyman H., Boberg M. et al. Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men // Hypertens. 1998. Vol. 31. № 3. P. 780-786.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kilander L., Nyman H., Boberg M. et al. Hypertension is related to cognitive impairment: a 20-year follow-up of 999 men // Hypertens. 1998. Vol. 31. № 3. P. 780-786.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larrieu S., Letteneur L., Orgogozo J.M. et al. Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort // Neurol. 2002. Vol. 59. № 10. P. 1594-1599.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larrieu S., Letteneur L., Orgogozo J.M. et al. Incidence and outcome of mild cognitive impairment in a population-based prospective cohort // Neurol. 2002. Vol. 59. № 10. P. 1594-1599.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Levy B.I., Ambrosio G., Pries A.R., Struijker-Boudier H.A.J. Microcirculacion in hypertension. A new target for treatment? // Circulation 2001. Vol. 104, P. 735-740.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Levy B.I., Ambrosio G., Pries A.R., Struijker-Boudier H.A.J. Microcirculacion in hypertension. A new target for treatment? // Circulation 2001. Vol. 104, P. 735-740.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lima L.M., Carvalho M.D., Ferreira C.N. et al. Atheromatosis extent in coronary artery disease is not correlated with apolipoprotein-E polymorphism and its plasma levels, but associated with cognitive decline // Curr. Alzheimer. Res. 2010. Vol. 7. № 6. P. 556-563.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lima L.M., Carvalho M.D., Ferreira C.N. et al. Atheromatosis extent in coronary artery disease is not correlated with apolipoprotein-E polymorphism and its plasma levels, but associated with cognitive decline // Curr. Alzheimer. Res. 2010. Vol. 7. № 6. P. 556-563.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Machicao F., Muresanu D.F., Hunsberger H. et al. Плейотропный нейропротективный и метаболический эффекты актовегина // Нервно-Мыш. Бол. 2012. № 4. C. 28-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Machicao F., Muresanu D.F., Hunsberger H. et al. Плейотропный нейропротективный и метаболический эффекты актовегина // Нервно-Мыш. Бол. 2012. № 4. C. 28-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noon J.P., Walker B.R., Webb D.J. et al. Impaired microvascular dilatation and capillary rarefaction in young adults with a predisposition to high blood pressure // J. Clin. Invest. 1997. Vol. 99. P. 1873-1879.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noon J.P., Walker B.R., Webb D.J. et al. Impaired microvascular dilatation and capillary rarefaction in young adults with a predisposition to high blood pressure // J. Clin. Invest. 1997. Vol. 99. P. 1873-1879.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penna G.L.A., Garbero R., Neves M.F. et al. Treatment of essential hypertension does not normalize capillary rarefaction // Clinic 2008. Vol. 63. P. 613-618.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penna G.L.A., Garbero R., Neves M.F. et al. Treatment of essential hypertension does not normalize capillary rarefaction // Clinic 2008. Vol. 63. P. 613-618.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prasad A., Dunnill G.S., Mortimer P.S., MacGregor G.A. Capillary rarefaction in the forearm skin in essential hypertension // J. Hypertens. 1995. Vol. 13. P. 265-268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prasad A., Dunnill G.S., Mortimer P.S., MacGregor G.A. Capillary rarefaction in the forearm skin in essential hypertension // J. Hypertens. 1995. Vol. 13. P. 265-268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossi M., Taddei S., Fabbri A. et al. Cutaneous vasodilation to acetylcholine in patients with essential hypertension // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1997. Vol. 29. P. 406-411.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossi M., Taddei S., Fabbri A. et al. Cutaneous vasodilation to acetylcholine in patients with essential hypertension // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1997. Vol. 29. P. 406-411.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saletu B., Grunberger J., Linzmayer L. et al. EEG brain mapping and psychometry in age-associated memory impairment after acute and 2-week infusions with the hemoderivative Actovegin: double-blind, placebo-controlled trials // Neuropsyhobiol. 1990-1991. Vol. 24. № 3. P 135-148.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saletu B., Grunberger J., Linzmayer L. et al. EEG brain mapping and psychometry in age-associated memory impairment after acute and 2-week infusions with the hemoderivative Actovegin: double-blind, placebo-controlled trials // Neuropsyhobiol. 1990-1991. Vol. 24. № 3. P 135-148.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serne E.H., Gans R.O., ter Maaten J.C. et al. Impaired skin capillary recruitment in essential hypertension is caused by both functional and structural capillary rarefaction // Hypertens. 2001. Vol. 38. P. 238-342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serne E.H., Gans R.O., ter Maaten J.C. et al. Impaired skin capillary recruitment in essential hypertension is caused by both functional and structural capillary rarefaction // Hypertens. 2001. Vol. 38. P. 238-342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serne E.H., Stehouwer C.D., ter Maaten J.C. et al. Microvascular function relates to insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in normal subjects // Circulation 1999. Vol. 99. P. 896-902.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serne E.H., Stehouwer C.D., ter Maaten J.C. et al. Microvascular function relates to insulin sensitivity and blood pressure in normal subjects // Circulation 1999. Vol. 99. P. 896-902.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shamin-Uzzaman Q.A., Pfenninger D., Kehrer C. et al. Altered cutaneous microvascular responses to reactive hyperemia in coronary artery disease: a comparative study with conduit vessel responses // Clin. Sci. 2002. Vol. 103. P. 267-273.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shamin-Uzzaman Q.A., Pfenninger D., Kehrer C. et al. Altered cutaneous microvascular responses to reactive hyperemia in coronary artery disease: a comparative study with conduit vessel responses // Clin. Sci. 2002. Vol. 103. P. 267-273.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sieg-Dobrescu D., Burnier M., Hayoz D. et al. The return of increased blood pressure after discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment is associated with an impaired post-ischemic skin bloodflow response // J. Hypertens. 2001. Vol. 19. P. 1387-1382.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sieg-Dobrescu D., Burnier M., Hayoz D. et al. The return of increased blood pressure after discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment is associated with an impaired post-ischemic skin bloodflow response // J. Hypertens. 2001. Vol. 19. P. 1387-1382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stewart J., Kohen A., Brouder D. et al. Noninvasive interrogation of microvasculature for signs of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic renal failure // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2004. Vol. 287. P. H2687-H2696.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stewart J., Kohen A., Brouder D. et al. Noninvasive interrogation of microvasculature for signs of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic renal failure // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2004. Vol. 287. P. H2687-H2696.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stulc T., Kasalova Z., Prazny M. et al. Microvascular reactivity in patients with hypercholesterolemia: effect of lipid lowering treatment // Physiol. Res. 2003. Vol. 52. P. 439-445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stulc T., Kasalova Z., Prazny M. et al. Microvascular reactivity in patients with hypercholesterolemia: effect of lipid lowering treatment // Physiol. Res. 2003. Vol. 52. P. 439-445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tankanag A., Chemeris N. A method of adaptive wavelet filtering of the peripheral blood flow oscillations under stationary and non-stationary conditions // Phys. Med. Biol. 2009. Vol. 54. P. 5935-5948.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tankanag A., Chemeris N. A method of adaptive wavelet filtering of the peripheral blood flow oscillations under stationary and non-stationary conditions // Phys. Med. Biol. 2009. Vol. 54. P. 5935-5948.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tankanag A., Chemeris N. Application of adaptive wavelet transform for analysis of bloodflow oscillations in the human skin // Phys. Med. Biol. 2008. Vol. 53. P. 5967-5976.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tankanag A., Chemeris N. Application of adaptive wavelet transform for analysis of bloodflow oscillations in the human skin // Phys. Med. Biol. 2008. Vol. 53. P. 5967-5976.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trenkwalder P. The study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE) - recent analyses // J. Hypertens. Suppl. 2006. Vol. 24. № 1. P. S107-S114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trenkwalder P. The study on cognition and prognosis in the elderly (SCOPE) - recent analyses // J. Hypertens. Suppl. 2006. Vol. 24. № 1. P. S107-S114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Triantafyllou A., Anyfanti P., Zabulis X. et al. Accumulation of microvascular target organ damage in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients // J. Am. Soc. Hypertens. 2014. Vol. 8. P. 542-549.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Triantafyllou A., Anyfanti P., Zabulis X. et al. Accumulation of microvascular target organ damage in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients // J. Am. Soc. Hypertens. 2014. Vol. 8. P. 542-549.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vuilleumitr P., Decosterd D., Maillard M. et al. Postischemic forearm skin reactive hyperemia is related to cardiovascular risk factors in a healthy female population // J. Hypertens. 2002. Vol. 20. P. 1753-1757.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vuilleumitr P., Decosterd D., Maillard M. et al. Postischemic forearm skin reactive hyperemia is related to cardiovascular risk factors in a healthy female population // J. Hypertens. 2002. Vol. 20. P. 1753-1757.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
