<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2011-10-4-59-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-578</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Реактивность сосудов микроциркуляторного русла кожи при дистантном холодовом воздействии и уровень эндотелина-1 при хронической болезни почек.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Reactivity of microcirculation skin vessels during the distant cold influence and concentration of endotelin-1 in chronic kidney disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрищев</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrichshev</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ачкасова</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Achkasova</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мнускина</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mnuskina</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панина</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Panina</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">i.u.panina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Меншутина</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Menshutina</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov's State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрищев Н.Н., Ачкасова В.В., Мнускина М.М., Смирнов А.В., Панина И.Ю., Румянцев А.Ш., Меншутина М.А., 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрищев Н.Н., Ачкасова В.В., Мнускина М.М., Смирнов А.В., Панина И.Ю., Румянцев А.Ш., Меншутина М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrichshev N.N., Achkasova V.V., Mnuskina M.M., Smirnov A.V., Panina I.Y., Rumyantsev A.S., Menshutina M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/578">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/578</self-uri><abstract><p>Системная эндотелиальная дисфункция является универсальным патогенетическим звеном атеросклероза и хронической болезни почек. Развитию эндотелиальной дисфункции могут способствовать гемодинамические нарушения, связанные с изменением вегетативной регуляции тонуса артериол. Целью настоящего исследования было изучить особенности рефлекторных вазомоторных реакций сосудов кожи при дистантном воздействии холода у больных ХБП I и II стадии. Были обследованы 34 здоровых лица (средний возраст - 39,0±1,9 года) и 167 больных хронической болезнью почек (средний возраст - 41,6±1,9 года). Скорость клубочковой фильтрации рассчитывали по формуле MDRD. Всем больным проводили холодовую пробу. У больных ХБП I ст. Qas во время действия холодового стимула снижалась на 35,3 %, у больных II ст. - на 42,3 %, у здоровых - 19,3%. У пациентов с ХБП I и II стадии снижение Qas сохранялось на протяжении трех минут после окончания холодового воздействия, в то время как у здоровых кровоток в коже восстанавливался сразу после окончания действия холода. Концентрация эндотелина-1 у здоровых лиц составила в плазме крови 0,239±0,055 фмоль/мл, при ХБП I стадии - 0,335±0,068 фмоль/л, p&lt;0,05, ХБП II стадии - до 0,424±0,040 фмоль/л, p&lt;0,01, различия между группами достоверны, p&lt;0,01. Были выявлены взаимосвязи между уровнем эндотелина-1 и скоростью клубочковой фильтрации (Rs=0,249 p&lt;0,05), а также суточной протеинурией (Rs=0,379 p&lt;0,003) и Qas % во время холодовой пробы (Rs=-0,391 p&lt;0,003), а также временем восстановления фонового значения Qas (Rs=-0,311 p&lt;0,003). Результаты исследования у больных позволяют говорить о дисфункции эндотелия и гиперсимпатикотонии на раннем этапе развития ХБП.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The system endothelial dysfunction is the universal pathogenetic link of atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. The hemodynamic disturbances concerned with changed of vegetative regulation the tonus of arterioles may promote the development of endothelial dysfunction at chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of our study was to investigate the features of reflective vasomotor reactions of skin vessels during the distant cold influence at patients with CKD I and II studies. It was investigated 34 healthy men (mean age 39.0±1.9 years) and 167 patients with CKD (mean age 41.6±1.9 years). The glomerular filtration rate was calculated at MDRD formula. Cold probe was lead all of the patients. Qas at the time of cold stimulus decreased at 35.3 % at CKD I st., at 42.3 % at CKD II st. and 19.3 % at healthy men. The decreased of Qas at patients with CKD I and II st. remained at 3 minutes after ending the probe, but at healthy men it normalized immediately after the probe. Concentration of endotelin-1 in blood plasma has made 0.239±0,055 fmol/ml, at CKD I stages 0.335±0,068 fmol/l, p &lt;0.05, CKD II stages to 0.424±0.040 fmol/l, p&lt;0.01, distinctions between groups are authentic, p&lt;0.01. Interrelations between level of endotelin-1 and speed of a glomerular filtration rate (Rs=0.249, p&lt;0.05), and also a daily proteinuria (Rs=0.379, p&lt;0.003) and Qas % during time cold probe (Rs =-0.391, p&lt;0.003), and also time of restoration of background value Qas (Rs =-0.327, p&lt;0.003) have been revealed. Authors consider, that dysfunction of vegetative nervous system at early stage of CKD is realized by synthesis activation endotelin-1 in reply to strengthening of sympathetic influences.Our results testify to hypersympaticotonia at early stage of CKD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндотелиальная дисфункция</kwd><kwd>холодовая проба</kwd><kwd>эндотелин-1</kwd><kwd>гиперсимпатикотония</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>endothelin-1</kwd><kwd>cold probe</kwd><kwd>hypersympaticotonia</kwd><kwd>chronic kidney disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васина, Е. Ю. Состояние периферического кровотока и его взаимосвязь с нейро-вегетативным статусом у больных с патологией сосудов различной этиологии: автореф. дис. . . . канд. мед. наук / Е. Ю. Васина. -СПб., 2006. -19 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Васина, Е. Ю. Состояние периферического кровотока и его взаимосвязь с нейро-вегетативным статусом у больных с патологией сосудов различной этиологии: автореф. дис. . . . канд. мед. наук / Е. Ю. Васина. -СПб., 2006. -19 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петрищев, Н. Н. Физиология и патофизиология эндотелия / Н. Н. Петрищев, Т. Д. Власов // Дисфункция эндотелия: причины, механизмы, фармакологическая коррекция / под ред. Н. Н. Петрищева. - СПб.: СПбГМУ, 2003. - С. 4-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Петрищев, Н. Н. Физиология и патофизиология эндотелия / Н. Н. Петрищев, Т. Д. Власов // Дисфункция эндотелия: причины, механизмы, фармакологическая коррекция / под ред. Н. Н. Петрищева. - СПб.: СПбГМУ, 2003. - С. 4-38.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петрищев, Н. Н. Методы оценки функционального состояния эндотелия / Н. Н. Петрищев [и др.] // Дисфункция эндотелия: экспериментальные и клинические исследования: Труды III-й международ. науч.-практ. конф. - Витебск: ВГМУ, 2004. - С. 219-224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Петрищев, Н. Н. Методы оценки функционального состояния эндотелия / Н. Н. Петрищев [и др.] // Дисфункция эндотелия: экспериментальные и клинические исследования: Труды III-й международ. науч.-практ. конф. - Витебск: ВГМУ, 2004. - С. 219-224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поленов, С. А. Вазомоторные эффекты нейропептидов / С. А. Поленов, Д. П. Дворецкий, Г. В. Чернявская // Рос. физиол. журн. им. И. М. Сеченова. - 1995. - Т. 81. - № 6. - С. 29-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Поленов, С. А. Вазомоторные эффекты нейропептидов / С. А. Поленов, Д. П. Дворецкий, Г. В. Чернявская // Рос. физиол. журн. им. И. М. Сеченова. - 1995. - Т. 81. - № 6. - С. 29-47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amann, K. Effects of low dose sympathetic inhibition on glomerulosclerosis and albuminuria in subtotally nephrectomized rats / K. Amann [et al] // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. - 2000. - Vol. 11. - P 1469-1478.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amann, K. Effects of low dose sympathetic inhibition on glomerulosclerosis and albuminuria in subtotally nephrectomized rats / K. Amann [et al] // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. - 2000. - Vol. 11. - P 1469-1478.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bacic, F. Secretion of immunoreactive endothelin-1 by capillary and microvascular endothelium of human brain / F. Bacic [et al] // Neurochem. Res. - 1992. - Vol. 17. - P 699-702.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bacic, F. Secretion of immunoreactive endothelin-1 by capillary and microvascular endothelium of human brain / F. Bacic [et al] // Neurochem. Res. - 1992. - Vol. 17. - P 699-702.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benchetrit, S. Early endothelial dysfunction following renal mass reduction in rats / S. Benchetrit [et al] // Eur. J. Clin. Invest. - 2003. - Vol. 33. - № 1. - P. 26-31.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benchetrit, S. Early endothelial dysfunction following renal mass reduction in rats / S. Benchetrit [et al] // Eur. J. Clin. Invest. - 2003. - Vol. 33. - № 1. - P. 26-31.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bigazzi, R. Altered norepinephrine turnover in the brain of rats with chronic renalfailure / R. Bigazzi, E. Kogosov, V. M. Campese // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. - 1994. - Vol. 4. - P 1901-1907.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bigazzi, R. Altered norepinephrine turnover in the brain of rats with chronic renalfailure / R. Bigazzi, E. Kogosov, V. M. Campese // J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. - 1994. - Vol. 4. - P 1901-1907.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boric, M. P. Rise in endothelium-derived NO after stimulation of rat perivascular sympathetic mesenteric nerves / M. P. Boric [et al] // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. - 1999. - Vol. 277. - P. H1027-H1035.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boric, M. P. Rise in endothelium-derived NO after stimulation of rat perivascular sympathetic mesenteric nerves / M. P. Boric [et al] // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. - 1999. - Vol. 277. - P. H1027-H1035.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burnstock, G. Determinants of signal transmission in healthy and diseased autonomic neuromuscular junctions / G. Burnstock //Diabet. Med. - 1993. - Vol. 10. - P 64-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burnstock, G. Determinants of signal transmission in healthy and diseased autonomic neuromuscular junctions / G. Burnstock //Diabet. Med. - 1993. - Vol. 10. - P 64-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burnstock, G. Local mechanisms of bloodflow control by perivascular nerves and endothelium / G. Burnstock // J. Hypertens. - 1990. - Vol. 8, suppl. - P S95-S106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burnstock, G. Local mechanisms of bloodflow control by perivascular nerves and endothelium / G. Burnstock // J. Hypertens. - 1990. - Vol. 8, suppl. - P S95-S106.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cerasola, G. Sympathetic activity and blood pressure pattern in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease hypertensives / G. Cerasola [et al] // Am. J. Nephrol. - 1998. - Vol. 18. - P. 391-398.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cerasola, G. Sympathetic activity and blood pressure pattern in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease hypertensives / G. Cerasola [et al] // Am. J. Nephrol. - 1998. - Vol. 18. - P. 391-398.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cocks, T. M. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries by noradrenaline and serotonin / T. M. Cocks, J. A. Angus // Nature. - 1983. - Vol. 305. - P. 627-630.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cocks, T. M. Endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries by noradrenaline and serotonin / T. M. Cocks, J. A. Angus // Nature. - 1983. - Vol. 305. - P. 627-630.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen, R. A. Endothelium inhibits norepinephrine release from adrenergic nerves of rabbit carotid artery / R. A. Cohen, R. M. Weisbrod // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. - 1988. - Vol. 254. - P. H871-878.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen, R. A. Endothelium inhibits norepinephrine release from adrenergic nerves of rabbit carotid artery / R. A. Cohen, R. M. Weisbrod // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. - 1988. - Vol. 254. - P. H871-878.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cohen, R. A. Influence of the endothelium on tone and the response of isolated pig coronary artery to norepinephrine / R. A. Cohen [et al] // J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. - 1988. - Vol. 244. - P. 550-555.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cohen, R. A. Influence of the endothelium on tone and the response of isolated pig coronary artery to norepinephrine / R. A. Cohen [et al] // J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. - 1988. - Vol. 244. - P. 550-555.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dhaun, N. Endothelin antagonism in patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease / N. Dhaun, J. Goddard, D. J. Webb // Contrib Nehru. - 2011. - Vol. 172. - P. 243-254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dhaun, N. Endothelin antagonism in patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease / N. Dhaun, J. Goddard, D. J. Webb // Contrib Nehru. - 2011. - Vol. 172. - P. 243-254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guimaraes, S. Vascular adrenoceptors: an update / S. Guimaraes, D. Moura // Pharmacol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol. 53. - P. 319-356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guimaraes, S. Vascular adrenoceptors: an update / S. Guimaraes, D. Moura // Pharmacol. Rev. - 2001. - Vol. 53. - P. 319-356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hathaway, D. K. Autonomic dysregulation in patients awaiting kidney transplantation / D. K. Hathaway [et al] // Am. J. Kidney Dis. - 1998. - Vol. 32. - P. 221-229.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hathaway, D. K. Autonomic dysregulation in patients awaiting kidney transplantation / D. K. Hathaway [et al] // Am. J. Kidney Dis. - 1998. - Vol. 32. - P. 221-229.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification // Am. J. Kidney Dis. - 2002. - № 39 (2 suppl. 1). - Р S1-S266.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification // Am. J. Kidney Dis. - 2002. - № 39 (2 suppl. 1). - Р S1-S266.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ligtenberg, G. Reduction of sympathetic hyperactivity by enalapril in patients with chronic renal failure / G. Ligtenberg [et al] // N. Engl. J. Med. - 1999. - Vol. 340. - P. 1321-1328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ligtenberg, G. Reduction of sympathetic hyperactivity by enalapril in patients with chronic renal failure / G. Ligtenberg [et al] // N. Engl. J. Med. - 1999. - Vol. 340. - P. 1321-1328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luscher, T. F. Interaction between endothelin-1and endothelium-derived relaxing factor in human arteries and veins / T. F. Luscher [et al] // Circ. Res. - 1990. - Vol. 66. - P. 1088-1094.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luscher, T. F. Interaction between endothelin-1and endothelium-derived relaxing factor in human arteries and veins / T. F. Luscher [et al] // Circ. Res. - 1990. - Vol. 66. - P. 1088-1094.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinet, W. Reactive oxygen species induce RNA damage in human atherosclerosis / W. Martinet [et al] // Eur. J. Clin. Invest. - 2004. - Vol. 34. - № 5. - P. 323-329.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinet, W. Reactive oxygen species induce RNA damage in human atherosclerosis / W. Martinet [et al] // Eur. J. Clin. Invest. - 2004. - Vol. 34. - № 5. - P. 323-329.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nakamaru, M. Actions of endothelin on adrenergic neuroeffector junction / M. Nakamaru [et al] // J. Hypertens. - 1989. - Vol. 7, suppl. - P. S132-S133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nakamaru, M. Actions of endothelin on adrenergic neuroeffector junction / M. Nakamaru [et al] // J. Hypertens. - 1989. - Vol. 7, suppl. - P. S132-S133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oberhauser, V. Acetylcholine release in human heart atrium: influence of muscarinic autoreceptors, diabetes, and age / V. Oberhauser [et al] // Circulation. - 2001. - Vol. 103. - P. 1638-1643.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oberhauser, V. Acetylcholine release in human heart atrium: influence of muscarinic autoreceptors, diabetes, and age / V. Oberhauser [et al] // Circulation. - 2001. - Vol. 103. - P. 1638-1643.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Richard, V. Different activation of L-argininepathway by bradykinin, serotonin, and clonidine in coronary arteries / V. Richard [et al] // Am. J. Physiol. - 1990. - Vol. 259. - P H1433-H1439.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Richard, V. Different activation of L-argininepathway by bradykinin, serotonin, and clonidine in coronary arteries / V. Richard [et al] // Am. J. Physiol. - 1990. - Vol. 259. - P H1433-H1439.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rump, L. C. Sympathetic overactivity in renal disease: a window to understand progression and cardiovascular complications of uraemia? / L. S. Rump [et al] // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 2000. - Vol. 11. - P 1735-1738.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rump, L. C. Sympathetic overactivity in renal disease: a window to understand progression and cardiovascular complications of uraemia? / L. S. Rump [et al] // Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. - 2000. - Vol. 11. - P 1735-1738.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shepherd, J. T. Interactions of neurotransmitters and endothelial cells in determining vascular tone / J. T. Shepherd // Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. - 1995. - Vol. 381. - P. 1-13.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shepherd, J. T. Interactions of neurotransmitters and endothelial cells in determining vascular tone / J. T. Shepherd // Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. - 1995. - Vol. 381. - P. 1-13.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabuchi, Y. Effects of endothelin on neuroeffector junction in mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats / Y. Tabuchi, M. Nakamaru, H. Rakugi // Hypertension. - 1990. - Vol. 15. - P. 739-743.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabuchi, Y. Effects of endothelin on neuroeffector junction in mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats / Y. Tabuchi, M. Nakamaru, H. Rakugi // Hypertension. - 1990. - Vol. 15. - P. 739-743.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tesfamariam, B. Inhibition of adrenergic vasoconstriction by endothelial cell shear stress / B. Tesfamariam, R. A. Cohen // Circ. Res. - 1988. - Vol. 63. - P. 720-725.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tesfamariam, B. Inhibition of adrenergic vasoconstriction by endothelial cell shear stress / B. Tesfamariam, R. A. Cohen // Circ. Res. - 1988. - Vol. 63. - P. 720-725.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tesfamariam, B. Cyclic GMP modulators on vascular adrenergic neurotransmission / B. Tesfamariam, R. M. Weisbrod, R. A. Cohen // J. Vasc. Res. - 1992. - Vol. 29. - P 396-404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tesfamariam, B. Cyclic GMP modulators on vascular adrenergic neurotransmission / B. Tesfamariam, R. M. Weisbrod, R. A. Cohen // J. Vasc. Res. - 1992. - Vol. 29. - P 396-404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tesfamariam, B. Endothelium inhibits responses of rabbit carotid artery to adrenergic nerve stimulation / B. Tesfamariam, R. M. Weisbrod, R. A. Cohen // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. - 1987. - Vol. 253. - P. H792-H798.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tesfamariam, B. Endothelium inhibits responses of rabbit carotid artery to adrenergic nerve stimulation / B. Tesfamariam, R. M. Weisbrod, R. A. Cohen // Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. - 1987. - Vol. 253. - P. H792-H798.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">van Zwieten, P. A. The parasympathetic system and its muscarinic receptors in hypertensive disease / P. A. van Zwieten [et al] // J. Hypertens. - 1995. - Vol. 13. - P 1079-1090.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">van Zwieten, P. A. The parasympathetic system and its muscarinic receptors in hypertensive disease / P. A. van Zwieten [et al] // J. Hypertens. - 1995. - Vol. 13. - P 1079-1090.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanhoutte, P. M. Alpha 2-adrenoceptors and endotheliumderived relaxing factor / P. M. Vanhoutte, V. M. Miller //Am. J. Med. - 1989. - Vol. 87. - P. 1-5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanhoutte, P. M. Alpha 2-adrenoceptors and endotheliumderived relaxing factor / P. M. Vanhoutte, V. M. Miller //Am. J. Med. - 1989. - Vol. 87. - P. 1-5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
