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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">microcirculation</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Регионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляция</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regional blood circulation and microcirculation</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1682-6655</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2712-9756</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1682-6655-2020-19-3-90-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">microcirculation-853</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EDITORIAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>COVID-19 и сосудистые нарушения (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>COVID-19 and vascular disorders (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрищев</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrishchev</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрищев Николай Николаевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заслуженный деятель науки РФ, профессор кафедры патофизиологии с курсом клинической патофизиологии, руководитель центра лазерной медицины, руководитель Российской Ассоциации по региональной гемодинамике и микроциркуляции</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrishchev Nikolay N. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor of the Department of Pathophysiology with the course of clinical pathophysiology, Head of the Center for Laser Medicine, Head of the Russian Association for Regional H dynamics and Microcirculation</p><p>6-8 L’va Tolstogo street, Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lazmed@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халепо</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalepo</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халепо Ольга Владиславовна – канд. мед. наук, доцент, зав. кафедрой патологической физиологии</p><p>214019, г. Смоленск, ул. Крупской, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khalepo Olga V. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Docent, Head of the Department of Pathological Physiology</p><p>28, Krupskoy str., Smolensk, 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">halepo71@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вавиленкова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vavilenkova</surname><given-names>Y. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вавиленкова Юлия Анатольевна – старший преподаватель кафедры патологической физиологии</p><p>214019, г. Смоленск, ул. Крупской, д. 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vavilenkova Yulia A. – Senior Lecturer, Department of Pathological Physiology</p><p>28, Krupskoy str., Smolensk, 214019</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vavilenkova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Власов</surname><given-names>Т. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vlasov</surname><given-names>T. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Власов Тимур Дмитриевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой патофизиологии с курсом клинической патофизиологии, директор Научнообразовательного института биомедицины</p><p>197022, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6-8</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vlasov Timur D. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Pathophysiology with the course of clinical pathophysiology, Director of the Scientific and Educational Institute of Biomedicine</p><p>6-8 L’va Tolstogo street, Saint Petersburg, 197022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tvlasov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И. П. Павлова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pavlov University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Smolensk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>90</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрищев Н.Н., Халепо О.В., Вавиленкова Ю.А., Власов Т.Д., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрищев Н.Н., Халепо О.В., Вавиленкова Ю.А., Власов Т.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrishchev N.N., Khalepo O.V., Vavilenkova Y.A., Vlasov T.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/853">https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/853</self-uri><abstract><p>Обзор посвящен вопросам патогенеза заболевания, вызванного вирусом SARS-CoV-2, внедрение которого в клетки человека опосредовано ангиотензин-превращающим ферментом-2 и рядом других клеточных рецепторов, что вызывает дисбаланс в ренин-ангиотензиновой системе, вазоконстрикцию и провоспалительный эффект. Ангиотензин-превращающий фермент-2 представлен на клетках альвеолярного эпителия, что определяет поражение дыхательной системы, повреждение эндотелия сосудов легких, способствует развитию острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома и является важнейшим звеном патогенеза их повреждения при COVID-19. Экспрессия ангиотензин-превращающего фермента-2 на эндотелии и гладкомышечных клетках сосудов при инфицировании вирусом SARS-CoV-2 способствует вовлечению сердечно-сосудистой системы в системное повреждение, а развитие «эндотелиита», чему способствует и гиперцитокинемия, приводит к основным проявлениям заболевания и системному нарушению микроциркуляции в различных органах, исследование состояния которой имеет прогностическое значение и определяет подходы к патогенетической терапии, особенно у критических пациентов. Системная дисфункция эндотелия, развивающаяся при COVID-19, во многом определяет и нарушения системы гемостаза. Предпосылки интенсивной адгезии тромбоцитов к эндотелию, их агрегации и образованию тромбоцитарных тромбов, которые выявляются у больных, умерших от COVID-19, нарушение функциональной активности системы фибринолиза могут определяться активацией эндотелия, а сохранение антикоагулянтной активности крови отличает коагулопатию у таких больных от типичного ДВС-синдрома. Мониторинг состояния системы гемостаза при COVID-19 важен для оценки тяжести и прогноза заболевания, своевременной коррекции выявленных нарушений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review describes pathogenesis of the disease caused by the new SARS-CoV-2 virus. It infects the human cells by linking angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and a number of other receptors. The virus imbalances the renin-angiotensin system, results to vasoconstriction and acts like pro-inflammatory agent. ACE2 is exposed on the alveolar epithelium cell surface. It is the main gates for virus entering and damaging of the respiratory system resulted in an acute respiratory distress syndrome. The injuring of the pulmonary vessel endothelium is the most important part of the COVID-19 pathogenesis. ACE2 of the endothelial and smooth muscle cell surface upon the SARS-CoV-2 infection facilitates the injury of cardiovascular system. The development of endotheliitis induced by «cytokine storm» leads to the main signs of the disease and the multiple disorder of the microcirculation. The investigation of that condition has a prognostic value and determines the treatment especially in critically ill patients. Systemic endothelial dysfunction upon the COVID-19 largely triggers the hemostasis disorders. High activity of platelets adhesion and aggregation, blood coagulation in died COVID-19 patients, disorder of fibrinolysis system functional activity could be induced by the endothelium activation. The unchanged anticoagulation blood activity in the COVID-19 patients distinguishes them from the patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Monitoring of the hemostasis system in COVID-19 is important for the disease severity assess and its prognosis, for justin-time correction of detected deviations.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вирус SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>патогенез повреждения COVID-19</kwd><kwd>ангиотензин-превращающий фермент-2</kwd><kwd>ренин-ангиотензиновая система</kwd><kwd>дисфункция эндотелия</kwd><kwd>микроциркуляция</kwd><kwd>система гемостаза</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2 virus</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis of COVID-19 injury</kwd><kwd>angiotensin-converting enzyme-2</kwd><kwd>renin-angiotensin system</kwd><kwd>endothelial dysfunction</kwd><kwd>microcirculation</kwd><kwd>hemostasis system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kai H, Kai M. 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