microcirculationРегионарное кровообращение и микроциркуляцияRegional blood circulation and microcirculation1682-66552712-9756Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University10.24884/1682-6655-2016-15-4-5-16microcirculation-86Research ArticleОБЗОРЫREVIEWSРоль дисфункции эндотелия в патогенезе сосудистых заболеваний органа зренияThe role of endothelium dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular ocular diseasesАстаховЮ. С.AstakhovYu. S.astakhov73@mail.ruТульцеваС. Н.TultsevaS. N.tultceva@yandex.ruТитаренкоА. И.TitarenkoA. I.aleksandra-titarenko@yandex.ruПервый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И. П. ПавловаРоссияPavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian Federation201630122016154516Copyright © Астахов Ю.С., Тульцева С.Н., Титаренко А.И., 20162016Астахов Ю.С., Тульцева С.Н., Титаренко А.И.Astakhov Y.S., Tultseva S.N., Titarenko A.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.microcirc.ru/jour/article/view/86

Эндотелий, за счет выработки вазоактивных веществ, играет одну из ключевых ролей в поддержании тонуса сосудов. Снижение кровотока в ретинальных, хороидальных сосудах и сосудах головки зрительного нерва в первую очередь происходит за счет дисбаланса между эндотелий-продуцируемыми вазоконстрикторами и вазодилататорами, основными из которых является ET-1 и NO. NO необходим для поддержания базального уровня кровообращения в хороидеи, зрительном нерве и сетчатке. Дефицит последнего в сочетании с гиперпродукцией ET-1 связывают с развитием и прогрессированием диабетической ретинопатии, глаукоматозной атрофии зрительного нерва, окклюзий сосудов сетчатки и ряде других заболеваний органа зрения. В представленном обзоре обсуждается значение эндотелиальной дисфункции в патогенезе сосудистых заболеваний органа зрения, а также целесообразность включения в комплекс лечебных мероприятий препаратов, восстанавливающих функцию эндотелия.

Vascular endothelium plays the key role in the control of vascular tone due to release of vasoactive substances. Reduction of retinal, choroidal and optic nerve head blood flow is above all a result of misbalance between endothelium-produced vasoconstrictors and vasodilators mainly ET-1 and NO. NO is involved in the maintenance of choroidal, optic nerve head and retinal basal blood flow. Combination of NO deficiency and overproduction of ET-1 is accompanied by diabetic retinopathy, glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy, retinal vascular occlusion and other ocular disease. In the review, the role of endothelium dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular ocular diseases and the advisability of drugs inclusion for correction of endothelium dysfunction in the medical therapies complex are discussed.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.