Microcirculatory Characteristics in Young Adults with Overweight and Stage I Obesity at Different Levels of the Triglyceride-Glucose Index

Introduction. Adipose tissue produces a wide range of biologically active substances known as adipokines. Their imbalance in obesity leads to endothelial dysfunction. Given the «aging down» of metabolic syndrome, methods for early prediction and risk monitoring of vascular disorders are particularly relevant. In recent years, the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), based on fasting triglyceride and glucose levels, has attracted the attention of researchers.

Aim. To study the characteristics of microcirculation in young overweight individuals at the different levels of the TyG index.

Materials and Methods. Fifty-six participants with overweight and stage I obesity, aged 17 to 26 years, were divided into 2 groups based on their TyG index. Group 1 included young adults with a TyG index ≤6.29 (n=28) and group 2 comprised those with a TyG index ≥6.3 (n=28). Anthropometric assessment included measurements of height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences (WHI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Laboratory diagnostics involved measuring plasma glucose and triglyceride levels. To assess vascular wall function, photoplethysmography (PPG) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were performed.

Results. Analysis of gender distribution showed a predominance of males in the second group with higher TyG values. PPG analysis revealed no significant differences in microcirculation parameters between the two groups. LDF assessment revealed a decrease in the amplitude of endothelial vasomotions by 38.2% (p<0.05), myogenic vasomotions by 36.06% (p<0.05), and the amplitude of respiratory component indicators by 36.23% (p<0.05) in the group with increased TyG compared to group 1.

Conclusion. In young adults with overweight and stage I obesity, associated with a TyG index above 6.3 a.u., there is a decrease in the contribution of endothelial and myogenic components to the regulation of peripheral tissue microcirculation.

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