Disturbance of periodontal tissue microcirculation in acute period of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)

Introduction. Currently, there is an increase in a variety of dental pathologies in the acute and post-COVID periods. The mechanisms of periodontal disease development are not completely clear. The purpose of this study was to assess the state of the oral cavity and study the microcirculation of periodontal tissues in patients in the acute period of COVID-19 and in chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) in a comparative aspect. Materials and methods. A clinical study includes patients with an acute course of moderate COVID-19 (n=29) and patients with CGP (n=27) in the acute stage. Methods include a clinical assessment of the state of the oral cavity and periodontal tissues, calculation of clinical indices, laser Doppler flowmetry (LAKK-02, (Lazma, OOO NPP, Russia)) and statistical data analysis. Results. In the acute period of COVID-19, the deterioration of the hygienic state of the oral cavity and the increase in index indicators are similar to the phenomena of the active inflammatory process in periodontal tissues in CGP but have lesser expression. With COVID-19, violations of the perfusion of periodontal tissues occurred with a decrease in the  microcirculation index by 22.2% (p<0.05), σ – by 27.5% (p<0.05) relative to the control values; with CGP, these violations are more significant. Disregulatory phenomena of microcirculatory disorders with COVID-19 are characterized by a decrease in the myogenic component of regulation with an increase in the influence of cardiac and respiratory rhythms. Conclusion. In the acute period of COVID-19, pathological changes in the state of periodontal tissues are associated with impaired microcirculation and are similar to those in CGP, with a difference in disregulatory mechanisms.

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