Effects of the gel containing microcapsules with silver nanoparticles loaded with metronidazole on the state of the gingival microcirculation in animals with experimental periodontitis

Introduction. Microcirculatory disorders accompany all stages of inflammatory periodontal diseases and their correction is one of the challenges in periodontitis complex therapy. Considering the significance of antibiotic therapy in the treatment of oral cavity inflammatory diseases, the scientific and practical interest lies in studying the possibilities of using a system for targeted delivery of antibacterial agents, as well as its influence on the periodontal tissues microcirculation.The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of a gel containing alginate microcapsules with silver nanoparticles (AgNP) loaded with metronidazole on the state of the gum’s microcirculation in animals with experimental periodontitis. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 40 white rats. The experimental design involved dividing all animals into several groups: the control group included rats with intact gums; the comparison group were animals with experimental periodontitis; the placebo group were rats with experimental periodontitis treated with a gel containing microcapsules with AgNP but without active components; the experimental group included animals with periodontitis which received applications of the gel containing AgNP microcapsules loaded with  metronidazole. Periodontitis was modeled by the ligature method by suturing a multifilament non-absorbable thread in the gum area of the lower jaw incisors. The state of periodontal microcirculation in all presented groups was assessed on the 21st day of the experiment after the ligature removal, using laser Doppler flowmetry. Results. In experimental periodontitis in white rats, the pronounced microcirculatory disorders occur on the 3rd week, manifested by an increase in the perfusion index by 37% as well as an increase in amplitudes of endothelial, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory, and cardiac perfusion fluctuations compared to the intact control. The gel containing only AgNP microcapsules in rats with periodontitis reduces the perfusion index by 23.9%, without influence on the impaired parameters of active and passive modulation of gingival blood flow. Loading metronidazole into microcapsules with AgNP increases the effectiveness of the gel in the correction of the perfusion index by 6.7% of the amplitudes of myogenic and respiratory fluctuations by 26.8% and 19.8% compared to the analogue without active components. Conclusion. The gel containing microcapsules with AgNP and metronidazole is more effective in restoring gingival perfusion, reducing the amplitudes of myogenic and respiratory oscillations, compared to the analog without active components.

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