Experimental evaluation of parameters of capillary blood flow, hemorheology and hemostasis on a model of acute respiratory distress syndrome in rats

The aim is to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of capillary blood flow parameters on an experimental model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with subsequent analysis of hemorheological and hemostasiological parameters as the main factors affecting the effectiveness of microvascular perfusion. Materials and methods. The work was performed on 30 Wistar male rats. The ARDS model of mild severity was reproduced by intratracheal administration of Salmonella enterica lipopolysaccharide at a dose of 20.0 mg/kg. Lipopolysaccharide at a dose of 30.0 mg/kg was used to reproduce severe ARDS. On day 2 after exposure, the rats underwent computer capillaroscopy of the periarticular rollers after which venous blood samples were taken from the animals to determine the level of C-reactive protein and to study hemorheological parameters and parameters of coagulation hemostasis. In order to assess the severity of edema, the mass coefficient of the lungs was calculated. Results. At ARDS, capillaroscopy of the periarticular rollers in rats revealed a decrease in blood flow rate by 34.67 % (p<0.05) in the arterial part of the capillaries, a tendency to spasm of arterioles and expansion of venules, as well as the presence of intravascular aggregates. In addition, all experimental animals showed an increase in blood shear yield stress, and an increase in the content of fibrinogen, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes and C-reactive protein (p<0.05). No significant changes in capillary blood flow indices were observed in ARDS of varying severity. However, the parameters of blood shear yield stress, antithrombin activity and hematocrit had a sufficient level of prognostic ability (AUC>0.8; p<0.05). Conclusion. Indicators of capillary blood flow in combination with hemorheological and hemostasiological parameters can be used in conducting preclinical studies of the effectiveness of drugs aimed at correcting systemic dysfunction of microcirculation including experimental ARDS.

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