Stability of Parameters of Daily Heart Rate Variability as a Pattern of the Functional State of Unmodifiable Factors of its Formation

Introduction. Heart rate variability (HRV) due to rhythmically occurring processes exhibits stable cyclical fluctuations, which are now widely recorded in long-term heart rate monitoring technologies. It seems interesting whether it is possible to use HRV data obtained by Holter monitoring (HM) of ECG to assess the non-modifiable individual state of cardiac reactivity. Aim. Search for evidence of the presence, under standard conditions of human behavior, of a stable pattern of heart rate variability throughout the day, caused by a set of stable reflections, individually formed during the process of ontogenesis. Materials and methods. The study included 20 practically healthy male subjects of a semi-closed group aged 18–19 years, who underwent daily HM ECG. The subjects were divided into 2 groups with the same average heart rate (HR) per day (n=10): group 1 – subjects with high HRV and group 2 – subjects with low HRV. The studied HRV parameters were analyzed twice with an interval of 4 years between studies. Results. Despite similar 24-hour mean RR interval values between groups, significant differences in HRV parameters persisted both at baseline and study end. HRV indices (SDNN, SDANN, rMSSD, pNN50) remained consistently higher in Group 1 (p < 0.01). Intragroup HRV parameters showed no statistically significant temporal variations: SDNN (p₁=0.06, p₂=0.11),  SDANN (p₁=0.06, p₂=0.17), rMSSD (p₁=0.06, p₂=0.07), and pNN50 (p₁=0.14, p₂=0.09), suggesting the existence of persistent HRV patterns over time. The general study population (n=20) demonstrated significant reduction in total HRV power (p <0.05) during the 50-month observation period, while maintaining stable heart rate values and LF/HF ratio (1.4–1.5, p=0.08). These findings exclude autonomic balance alterations as the cause of HRV decline. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the existence of a stable HRV pattern along with a decrease in the reactivity of the system over time due to changes in the functional state of the vascular receptor field.

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