Влияние терапии ингибиторами фактора некроза опухоли альфа и ингибиторами интерлейкина-6 на эндотелиальную дисфункцию у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом

Ревматоидный артрит (РА) представляет собой хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся поражением суставов и внутренних органов. Внедрение в клиническую практику терапии генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами (ГИБП) позволило существенно улучшить качество жизни пациентов с РА, уменьшить частоту развития инвалидизирующих изменений в суставах, а также обеспечить хороший контроль над активностью заболевания. Вместе с тем проблема ускоренного развития атеросклероза и повышенного сердечно-сосудистого риска при РА не теряет своей актуальности. Существенный вклад в прогрессирование атеросклероза у пациентов с РА вносят эндотелиальная дисфункция (ЭД) и системное воспаление. В настоящем обзоре проанализирована роль интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6) и фактора некроза опухоли альфа (ФНО-а) в патогенезе атеросклероза и ЭД, представлены современные научные данные о влиянии ГИБП на функцию эндотелия у пациентов с РА, а также рассмотрены лабораторные маркеры и инструментальные методы исследования дисфункции эндотелия. Белок программируемой клеточной смерти 1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1), ИЛ-18, ИЛ-10, гранулоцитарно-макрофагальный колониестимулирующий фактор (GM-CSF), а также фракталкин являются перспективными терапевтическими мишенями в терапии РА и атеросклероза. При планировании и организации клинических исследований новых лекарственных препаратов, предназначенных для лечения РА, оправданным является включение дополнительных конечных точек, посвященных оценке развития и прогрессирования атеросклероза и ЭД. По данным экспериментальных и клинических исследований терапия ГИБП способствует уменьшению выраженности ЭД, что положительно сказывается на состоянии сосудистой стенки, приводит к замедлению прогрессирования атеросклеротического поражения артерий и снижению сердечно-сосудистой смертности у пациентов с РА. В этой связи является целесообразным рассмотрение вопроса о возможном включении атеросклероза в число показаний для инициации терапии ГИБП у пациентов с РА.

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