Morphofunctional Organization of the Hemomicrocirculatory Bed in Kidneys in Normal Conditions and in Acute Surgical Diseases of the Abdominal Organs

Recent studies in the integrated bases (PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus) have shown that urgent abdominal pathology in surgery leads to functional disorders of kidneys, acute kidney damage, and acute renal functional insufficiency. Without timely diagnosis and pathogenetically based treatment, many nephrological diseases lead to chronic renal functional insufficiency and terminal chronic renal insufficiency, a life-threatening condition that requires replacement therapy such as hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. The microcirculatory bed is the main link of the functional element of an organ – a spatially oriented structural and functional complex consisting of cellular and fibrous formations of a given organ or tissue. Numerous studies have proven that each organ has its own specific morphological structure, and therefore, specific features of the structure of functional elements. The structure of the microcirculatory bed is closely related to the structure of the organs and the formation of their structural and functional units, and the organization of the microcirculatory bed determines microhemodynamics and metabolism in organs and tissues. It is obvious that without a deep understanding of the morphofunctional changes that occur at the level of hemimicrocirculation in the kidneys during endotoxicosis and after its elimination, there can be no qualitative improvement in the pathogenetic therapy of patients with acute renal failure that complicates the course of various urgent surgical diseases. Clarifying the main stages of morphofunctional changes and morphometric indicators of the restructuring of intraorgan vessels in the kidneys and renal corpuscles in correlation with the temporal characteristics of the dynamics of the pathological process in the abdominal cavity will expand our understanding of the mechanisms of adaptation of the circulatory system, which is of theoretical and practical importance for medicine in general and, in particular, for emergency abdominal surgery.

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