Экспериментальные модели дисфункции эндотелия. Зачем создавать и нужны ли они?

Дисфункция эндотелия (ДЭ) как типовое патологическое состояние, сопровождающее большинство заболеваний, связанных с нарушением гомеостаза, зачастую носит вторичный характер, но обладает самостоятельным патогенетическим значением, участвуя в развитии атеросклероза, тромбозов и органных осложнений, в связи с чем в экспериментальных исследованиях важной задачей является воспроизведение ДЭ как самостоятельного объекта для изучения ее механизмов и способов коррекции. В данном обзоре рассмотрены существующие подходы к моделированию ДЭ: модели in vitro, основанные на использовании культур эндотелиальных клеток животных и человека, в том числе органоспецифичных линий, а также возможности создания трехмерных биоинженерных сосудистых конструкций, систем «орган-на-чипе»; модели ex vivo – исследование фрагментов сосудов или изолированных перфузируемых органов, где эндотелий сохраняет естественное микроокружение; модели in vivo, обеспечивающие наиболее полное воспроизведение клинических состояний.

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