The protective potential of orexin system is a field of interest in the search of the new methods to diminish brain damage in ischemic stroke. The cytoprotective potential of orexins in hypoxic damage is associated with their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties and with their ability to activate proliferation and normalize metabolism. Even though today little is known about the role of orexins in memory and pain in ischemic stroke, the common features of the pathogenesis of these disruptions and the mechanisms of orexin-associated protection could suggest the opportunity to use of orexins for correction of these complications following ischemic stroke. Further studies of the orexin-associated neuroprotection could become the further step on the way to the new therapeutic approaches in ischemic stroke.

The aim of the study was to assessment the effects of normobaric oxygenation (NBO) with 100 % oxygen for 60 minutes on the state of central and peripheral hemodynamics of a humans. Material and methods. The method of laser Doppler flowmetry and capillaroscopy was used in 10 healthy men (27.3±4) initially, at 5-15, 45-55 minutes of the NBU and during the recovery period. Results. Individual differences between the testers, depending on the state of the autonomic nervous system, assessed using the Kerdo index (IR), are revealed. The testers with IR <0 had a stable state of microcirculation. A test with an IR >0 showed a two-phase reaction. Conclusions. The physiological response to hourly breathing with pure oxygen can be different and depends on the state of the tone of the autonomic nervous system.

Introduction and purpose. The article presents data on the obesity and endothelial dysfunction, on influence of smoking on the developing of endothelial dysfunction. Material and methods. Examined 108 patients (90 women and 18 men) with obesity aged 45 to 65 years old (middle age 54.62±0.43) with different degrees of obesity. Vasomotor endothelial function was evaluated by the method of Celermajer et al. Analyzed early markers of endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome. Statistical processing of the data using a nonparametric Wilcoxon-Konovalov and Mann-Whitney. Conclusions. Based on the study preliminary conclusions can be made of the importance of identifying early markers of endothelial dysfunction in these patients and how smoking influences on developing of vascular pathology in patients with obesity.

Objectives. Our objectives were to study microcirculations in the pulp of immature permanent teeth after direct pulp capping with bioactive materials at long-term (6 and 12 months). Material and methods. In 30 children aged 6 to 13 years, 53 immature permanent teeth were treated by direct pulp capping. In group 1 (n = 29) was used a material based on dicalcium- and tricalcium silicates and calcium carbonate («Biodentine»); in group 2 (n = 24) was used a material based on calcium, silicon and aluminum oxides («Trioxident»). Vas, Vam, Qas, Qam, PI were evaluated before the treatment, 6 and 12 months after treatment, and also in intact teeth, congruent group affiliation. Results. The parameters of microcirculation of the studied teeth before treatment in both groups were statistically significantly higher than in intact teeth. At 6 and 12 months after treatment, both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in blood flow rates compared to pre-treatment rates. Conclusion. Normalization of blood flow indicators (Vas, Vam, Qas, Qam) occurred in group 1 after 6 months. In group 2, Vas and Qas restored at 12 months, while Vam and Qam remained elevated. PI in both groups did not reach normal values.

Purpose. To study microcirculatory, metabolic disturbances and the possibility of their correction in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) when used in the complex treatment of laser hemotherapy (LH). Material and methods. We studied the vasomotor function of the endothelium, the parameters of carbohydrate-energy metabolism and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the blood. Results. Endothelial dysfunction, increased lactate/ pyruvate ratio, increased LPO, low activity of superoxidedismutase were established. The complex treatment improves microcirculatory and metabolic parameters. Conclusions. It is recommended to include LH in the complex treatment of patients with TIA.

The goal of the work is to identify gender peculiarities and age-related changes in the length of the coronary arteries in the norm. 161 coronaroangiograms of men and women aged 36-74 years without signs of pathological changes of the coronary arteries were studied. The programs «Syngo Fast View», «Adobe Photoshop CS7», «Microsoft Excel», «SPSS» were used. In elderly people, the length of the branches of the right and left coronary arteries and their total length is greater than in people of the second period of adulthood. In the elderly, there is a decrease in the difference in the length of the branches of the channel of the right and left coronary arteries. The type (type) of blood supply of the heart can be determined, based on the evaluation of the coronary bed: the length of the coronary arteries and the volume of blood supply to them tissues.

The functional state of microvascular blood flow is the major pathogenic determinant in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). Revealing features of microcirculation (MC) shifts has been especially valuable after endovascular interventions. Purpose. To assess the alterations in MC profile after the restoration of main blood flow to affected extremity in patients with IC. Material and methods. MC was assessed by laser Doppler flowmehy in 37 patients before and 1 month after lower extremity angioplasty. Results. Restoration of main blood flow was associated with increased nutritional blood flow by 56.0 %, decreased arteriole-venule shunts by 30.7 % and venous congestion by 13.5 %. Conclusion. Endovascular interventions in patients with IC are associated with recovery of balance in MC processes.

A complex assessment of the condition of periodontal tissues was carried out, including microcirculatory, microbiological and immunological studies in conditions simulating microgravity. Under conditions of a 5-day «dry» immersion, 8 male volunteers were subjected to blood flow velocity measuring in microcirculatory bed of periodontal disease, measuring of immunoglobulins level in the oral fluid, and investigations of periodontal microflora. On the 5th day of immersion and on 7-th day after immersion, there was a decrease in the blood flow velocity in the periodontal tissues in mandible (p≤0.05) in maxilla. Five main parodontopathogenic microorganisms predominated after experiment. At the same time, the growth trend of sIgA was noted, which, probably, can be associated with the appearance of parodontopathogenic microflora in the oral cavity. A comprehensive study showed a predisposition of periodontal tissues in conditions of immersion to inflammatory diseases and a decrease of periodontal disease barrier functions.

Objective. To evaluate liraglutide (LIR) endothelial protective action. Material and methods. Type 2 diabetic patients with HbA1C 7.5-9.0 % had metformin (MET) dose titrated for 3 months. Patients with HbA1C less than 7.5 % comprised group 1 (MET), more than 7.5 % - group 2 (MET+LIR). Blood concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), endothelin-1 (E) were evaluated at baseline, in 3, 6 and 9 months. Results. PAI-1 was increased in both groups and gradually decreased. T-PA was normal. E was primarily increased only in group 2. E was normal in group 1 in general, but enlarged with glycaemia increase. E decreased in group 2 with glycaemia improvement and worsening. Conclusions. Glycaemia control improvement decreases endothelial dysfunction. LIR improves vasomotor endothelial function, independently on its influence on glycaemia.

Objective. To establish the features of cutaneous microhemocirculation in conditions of circulatory and hemic hypoxia. Material and methods. Experiments were carried out on outbred rats, anesthetized by pentobarbital. Blood flow in the skin of the rat ear was recorded by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Stages of the experiment: baseline; acute blood loss (30 % of estimated blood volume); reinfusion (autohemotransfusion in «control» group and infusion of modified gelatin solution in «Gelofusin» group); hemodilution with Gelofusin. The following parameters were analyzed: the mean value of blood flow (M, PU); the maximum (dominant) amplitude of blood flow oscillations (A_max) and the corresponding frequency (F_max) in the frequency band 0.01-0.4 Hz. The coefficient of oxygen delivery to the tissue site under investigation (D_tO₂) was used to assess the severity of hypoxia. Results. At the posthemorrhagic stage M, blood pressure (BP), hematocrit (Ht), D_tO₂ and F_max decreased along with an increase in A_max. F_max shifted from the myogenic frequency band at the baseline into the neurogenic band. A correlation was found between A_max and BP (r=-0,38; p<0,05). At the reperfusion stage, there was no intergroup difference in M, F_max, A_max, despite the higher values of BP, Ht and D_tO₂ in the «control» group. In comparison with the baseline At the «hemodilution» stage the values of M did not differ from the baseline against the background of lower values of Ht, D_tO2 and BP; A_max remained elevated, and F_max shifted into the myogenic band and did not differ from the baseline. Conclusion. Both blood loss and hemodilution are associated with an increase in the amplitude of fluxmotion. Mechanisms of fluxmotion stimulation are different: increasing the amplitude of fluxmotion in circulatory hypoxia is associated with the neurogenic regulatory mechanisms of microhemocirculation, while in hemic hypoxia it is associated with the myogenic mechanisms. Arterial hypotension is the main factor increasing the amplitude of fluxmotion during blood loss.

Aim. Study the influence of novel GPR119 agonist in combination with metformin and sitagliptin on lipid profile and endothelial function in rats fed a high-fat diet. Methods and Results. The study was carried out on female rats with an initial weight of 305-320 g. For 12 weeks, rats fed a high-fat diet, and simultaneously started treatment with GPR119 receptor agonist - ZB-16, metformin and sitagliptin or its combinations. After 12 weeks rats were weighed and lipid profile, cerebral blood flow and endothelial function were evaluated. Preventive administration of GPR119 agonist in combination with metformin and sitagliptin prevents weight gain, reduces the severity of lipid metabolism disorders and restores the endothelial function in rats fed a high-fat diet (p<0.05).

The study is aimed to investigate the pattern of cytodifferentiation of developing endothelial cells (EC) of microcirculatory bed of the heart of newborn rats using light microscopy and immunohistochemical labeling of von Willebrand factor (vWF). Immunohistochemical study was carried out on Wistar rats on the postnatal day 1 (n=6). For the first time, EC of the developing vessels of the heart of newborn rats were found to be on different stages of cytodifferentiation. Most pronounced structural and functional maturity at this developmental stage was typical for EC of intima of aorta, coronary vessels, middle and small arteries and arterioles of the myocardium in the upper third of the ventricles. Endothelium of these vessels demonstrates strong vWF-immunoreactivity, while in the developing capillaries of the sinusoidal type of the subepicardial region and ventricular endocardium, the vWF-immunoreaction at this time period is still weak or absent. Morphological pattern and variability of sizes of vWF-immunoreactive granules of endothelium has been established. Signs of secretion in the EC were revealed. Synthesis, accumulation, and exocytosis of vWF are suggested to be associated with the degree of cytodifferentiation of EC.

Introduction. Near infrared (NIR) fluorescent diagnostics is promising due to a deeper penetration into biological tissues. Material and methods. In experiments on rabbits and in clinical studies evaluation the lymphatic system with the use of the instrument complex FLUM-808 was analysed. Results. For visualization of the lymphatic vessels of the skin, the intradermal administration of ICG, dissolved in 20 % albumin in the order of 0.02 mg/ml, is optimal. Peritumoral injection of ICG allows visualizing sentinel lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer. Conclusions. The developed NIR fluorescence diagnostic system FLUM-808 allows to real time visualization of lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.

It is well known that cognitive disorders at cerebral ischemia-reperfusion are followed by neuronal death. The inflammation of nervous tissue occurs, but the role of microgliocytes in neuroprotection is poorly understood. The aim of our work was to study microgliocytes in rats with cognitive disorders in delayed postischemic period after focal transient cerebral ischemia. In an experiment we used male rats (n=15), weighing 200-250. The model of focal brain ischemia was performed in anaesthetized rats (intraperitonealy, chloralhydrate 450 mg/kg). Microsurgical introduction monofilament to the left middle cerebral artery was made by J. Koizumi technique. Time of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion was 30 minutes with the subsequent reperfusion period. Testing in eight-arm maze was performed within seven days twice with a two-day interval during which each animal carried out a 5-minute session 3 times with a 3-minute interval. For identification of microgliocytes used polyclonal goat antibodies to Iba1 antigen. At behavior assessment in an eight-arm maze there were errors of working memory revealed and prolongation of time of task performance. Cognitive disorders at cerebral ischemia, perhaps, serve as the neuroinflammation indicator. Microglia is likely involved in mechanisms of neuroprotection and compensation for cognitive disorders.