Peritonitis, as life-threatening complication of acute surgical abdominal diseases has enormous social and medical significance. Pathogenesis widespread purulent peritonitis is currently being considered within the concept of the abdominal (peritoneal) sepsis associated with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. To be able to perform surgical treatment of peritonitis needs a stable functioning of life-support systems, one of the most important constants adequacy operation which serves hemodynamic stability and, in particular, to ensure the stability of blood pressure. Due to the fact that adrenal hormones have important functions, providing hemodynamic stability, for pathogenesis based treatment of hemodynamic disturbances at widespread purulent peritonitis requires an understanding of the structural and functional changes in the dynamics of adrenal disease.

According to modern concepts, traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves are accompanied with structural and functional disorders of the spinal neurons in all cases. In an initial stage of injury there is vessel vasodilation ofspinal cord and increase ofpermeability of the blood-spinal barrier. This stage is also characterized by neurogenic inflammation and output of active substances from the central part offibers, or activation of monocytes and T cells. These changes reach their maximum in 24 hours and stay intact during 7 days. In a later stage, 3-5th day after the injury, structural changes are observed in the anterior and posterior horns. Disappearance of retrograde transport of trophic factors, disruption of blood-spinal cord barrier and change of microcirculation of the spinal cord play important role in these disorders. There are only a few studies of changes of blood-cerebrospinal barrier and microcirculation of the spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury in the literature. A more detailed study of this problem can help to solve some of questions, such as the development of degenerative changes in the spinal cord, the pathogenesis and treatment of neuropathic pain, the pharmacokinetics of medications on the background of increase of the permeability of blood-brain and blood-cerebrospinal barrier, the influence of the medications and electromagnetic stimulation effect on the regeneration ofperipheral nerves and spinal cord, prediction of dynamics of functional state of patients with lesions of the peripheral nerves. This article presents different methods that can help in the study of neuronal damage pathogenesis of the spinal cord injury after peripheral nerve injury.

The aim of the offered article is to review the state-of-the-art devices for noninvasive measurement of the cardiovascular parameters, based on the pulse wave sensors. The article describes the advantages and disadvantages of the sensors, classified according to their principle of measurement. Attention is drawn to the possibility of applying devices for longtime monitoring, also offered development of authors for this purpose.

Examined 92 patients operated for hemodynamically significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Used immunoassay method for semiquantitative determination of the level of antibodies to NR2A subunit NMDA- and GluR1-subunit AMPA receptors of glutamate. Shows the features of the restoration of NMDA- and AMPA-receptors of glutamate in patients with post-stroke epilepsy by improving cerebral blood flow. It is established that in the group of patients with post-stroke epilepsy alteration AMPA-receptors of glutamate prevails. With the improvement of cerebral blood flow restoration of the structure of AMPA-receptors occurs slowly, approaching its functional physiological level with a long recovery period.

The purpose of our study is to investigate cardioprotective effect of remote ischemic preconditioning in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement under different methods of anaesthesia. Materials and methods. 27 adult patients aged from 50 to 75 years old (63 (56;68)) who had been scheduled for aortic valve replacement with CPB were involved in prospective randomized study. All of the patients signed informed consent form to take part in the study. There were 4 groups of patients: in 1st group we administered RIPC during propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia (RIPC-propofol group, n=8); in 2nd group RIPC was administered during sevoflurane-fentanyl anaesthesia (RIPC-sevoflurane group, n=5); in 3rd group we used propofol-fentanyl anaesthesia without RIPC(control- propofol group, n=7) and in 4th group sevoflurane-propofol anaesthesia was used only (control-sevoflurane group, n=7). Troponine I level (cTrI) was assessed at following time points: after induction of anaesthesia, after 30 min, 12, 24 and 48 hours after CPB termination. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistica 10.0 (Statsoft Inc.,USA). Considering small sample size and nonnormal data distribution, groups comparisons were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test. Critical level p<0.05 was significant. Data is presented as median (25th; 75th percentile). Results. We found no significant differences in cTnI between control and RIPC groups at any time point of our study. Analysing cTnI in sevoflurane-based anaesthesia cases, statistically significant data was observed at 24 and 48-time point between RIPC-sevoflurane and control-sevoflurane group: RIPC-sevoflurane group 1.58 (1.55; 2.15) ng/ml, control-sevoflurane group 5.46 (4.05; 6.49) ng/ml at 24 hours, p=0.03. RIPC-sevoflurane 1.4 (1.34; 4.52) ng/ml, control-sevoflurane 3.23 (2.95; 3.64) ng/ml at 48 hours p=0.02. Futhermore, we found difference in cTnI area under curve (AUC): RIPC-sevoflurane 69.0 (65.8; 97.5) ng/ml/48h, control-sevoflurane 250.9 (250.4; 296.6) ng/ml/48 h, p=0.02. Conclusions. Cardioprotective effect of RIPC should be assessed according to used method of anaesthesia. RIPC in coupe with sevoflurane-based anaesthesia decreases myocardium injury in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.

The article is dedicated to the actual problem of searching the strategy and tactics of treatment of the postthrombotic disease of lower extremities veins from the point of view of regional hemodynamic disturbances and microhemodynamics lower extremities. The degree of violations microhemodynamics depending on the severity of the disease is measured until the development of trophic disorders of the skin of the lower limbs. The analysis of the methods of correction of hemodynamic disturbances in postthrombophlebitic disease is performed. The aim of the work was to increase the effectiveness of treatment and prevention of complications of the disease.

Purpose of study. The investigation of the intravesical ultrasound dopplerography (IUD) for the comparative estimation of the blood flow condition in women with different disorders of urination caused by different sourses. Patients and methods. We observed 107 women with urinary disorders caused by chronic recurrent cystitis (n=37), diabetic cystopathy (n=22) and overactive bladder (OAB) (n=48). The blood flow within the bladder wall was assessed using the original technique - high-frequency IUD. During the IUD the parameters of linear and volumetric blood flow rate were determined separately for the arterial, venous and microvascular blood flow. The control group composed the 32 women without urinary disorders. Results. The IUD usage allowed to estimate the blood flow condition within the bladder wall and to reveal the disorders in women with irritative symptoms. The degree and nature of these disorders were the same without dependence from the cause of dysuria. Conclusion. The microcirculatory disorders indicated in our study may lead to the bladder wall ischemia which can be considered as one of the main course of the irritative symptoms appearance. Blood flow disorders within the bladder wall is one of the dysuria development factors in women.

Effects of infusion therapy by various drugs on the dynamics of blood flow in different parts of the microcirculatory bloodstream (MCB) during 21-hours of antiorthostatic hypokinesia (ANOG) -15° was examined. 3 series of research was conducted with participation of 6 volunteers (21-28 years old). The enhancement of dehydration effect was achieved by intravenous administration of 20 mg Lasix at the end of 13th hour ANOG. To compensate for dehydration after 17 hours of ANOG the infusion therapy was conducted by colloid («Infukol GEK» 10 %) or crystalloid (5 % glucose) solutions. Haemodynamics research in the microcirculatory bloodstream was performed using a method of high-frequency Doppler ultrasound and capillaroscopy. The results of data analysis showed, that the cardiovascular system reacts in a varying degree to all kinds of effects applied in research; clinical effects of colloid and crystalloid infusion solutions during conditions of ANOG have not changed essentially.

Trental was used in this study so as it can improove haemoreological properties of the blood. It have been shown in the Russian Consensus on peripherial artery deseases at 2001 that trental can grown up the distanse of intermittant claudication on 18 %. The aim of current investigation was to find the optimal way of treatment the patients with intermittant claudication by trental and intravenous laser irradiation. There were treated 38 patients by trental and trental and intravenous laser irradiation (632 nm) There microcirculation were investigated with Minimax-Doppler-K device. It was founded out that trental and laser irradiation in same time improoved the pereferal microcirculation on patients with atherosclerosis of low extremities, but this effect became lower after the end of prosedure esspecially on patients with seveere ishaemia, if have been used only trental. In cases when were used trental and intravenous laser irradiation effect of microcirculation improving have been lost after the end of prosedure and have not depened frome the seveerity of ishaemia. So in conclusion we can say that treatmet with trental with intravenous laser irradiation more effective than with trental only.

Our aim was to test several methods of the neurological deficit assessment and identify the most sensitive of them in the early and late phase after a of focal cerebral 30-minute ischemia in rats. For experimental model we applied the method of transient 30-minutes occlusion of right MCA by Koizumi. Arterial blood flow was registered in the area of left MCA vascularization with use of high-frequency ultrasound Doppler flowmetry. We used the following neurological tests: Ledged Tapered Beam, Bracing test, Corner test, Placing test, Modified Neurological Severity Scores, Bederson test and Garcia scale at 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after ischemia. All of the proposed tests can identify and quantify the neurological deficit in rats up to 21 days post-ischemic period. At the 28th days after ischemia focal neurological deficit regressed. Garcia scale, Placing test and Bederson test were the most sensitive and representative of the neurological deficit assessment methods.

Vascular pathology is closely associated with aging, oxidative stress, and endothelial or mitochondrial dysfunctions. The aim of the study was to assess whether the oxidant/antioxidant status of blood plasma changes in patients with activation of intravascular coagulation and fibrinolysis (AIVCF) in aspects of aging. We studied the specimens of blood plasma of 109 patients [76 males and 33 females; median age 52 (QIR 37-67) with AIVCF and d-dimer level >500 uL and 30 healthy controls]. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was higher in patients [8.5 (QIR 6.5-10.6) umol/L vs. 6.8 (QIR 5.8-7.4) umol/L; respectively (P<0.001)], SH-groups level was lower [106.4 (84.8-140.8)) umol/L vs. 168.2 (QIR 140.2-214.3) umol/L], and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was lower [7.6 (QIR 5.8-12.4) U/ml vs. 17.1 (QIR 13.9-19.6) U/ml; respectively; P=0.001] when compared with the healthy controls. When all of the patients were divided into two age-related groups: Group 1 [34 (QIR 28-45) years] and Group 2 [67 (QIR 65-75) years], we estimated a significant negative correlation (r= -0.528, P=0.01) between TBARS and SOD in Group 2. Plasma lactate level in elderly patients (Group 2) did not differ from those in Group 1, although it was significantly higher in the both groups when compared with the control group. We presume that AIVCF is accompanied by oxidative stress and lactacidemia independently of age. Appearance markers of oxidative stress (TBARP and SOD activity in plasma) and lactacidemia may be used for case study development and new therapeutic team approach to the AIVCF.

Oscillatory processes in microhaemocirculation are presented. Clinical and physiological aspects of cardiac, breath-dependent, myogenic, neurogenic and endothelial blood flow oscillations are discussed.