The authors have provided a detailed analysis of a modern data about violations of a microcirculation and a hemorheology in allergic diseases of a respiratory tract, including bronchial asthma (BA). The important pathogenetic link in formation and current BA are defections of the microcirculation. One of modern nonivasive ways of objective assessment of microcirculation is a direct biomicroscopy of capillaries with the computer analysis of an image. This direction of scientific researches is actual and perspective.

Some authors are reported that abdominal aortic calcification is a strong predictor of systematic atherosclerosis and significantly impacts to the atherosclerotic burden. This review summarizes the present knowledge regarding risk factors and markers of abdominal aortic calcification. Well established risk factors for abdominal aortic calcification included smoking, arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The role of blood markers (such as lipids, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, C-reactive protein, homocysteine, fetuin-A) as risk factors for abdominal aortic calcification is debated. Further studies are required to critically assess the role of outlines blood markers.

The dynamics of gas partial pressure (Model 840 VFD percutaneous polarograph, USA) and microcirculation (USDG - Minimax-Doppler K, St. Petersburg, photoplethysmography [PPG] - RGPA-6/12 rheograph polyanalazer, Taganrog) in flaps of axial type blood supply for 1,5 months after their transposition has been evaluated in 19 patients. Three types of the dynamics of the partial pressure of gases in the vascularized skin flap have been singled out: type I - normoxia or mild hypoxia, normocapnia from day 1 after surgery; type II - tissue hypoxia combined with hypercapnia with pCO2 up to 70-90 mm Hg in the first 1-2 days, stabilization of normoxia and normocapnia values by Day 5-7; type III - an instable system of tissue gas supply: hypoxia subsequently (for up to 25 days) - pO2 pronounced variations from 0 to 140 mm Hg and pCO2 - from 0 to 70 mm Hg with 1-3-day interval. By USDG and PPG data the signal of capillary blood flow is not registered for marked hypoxia (p02 from 0-2 mm Hg) and hypercapnia (pC02 - 100-115 mm Hg). In case of hypoxia combined with hypercapnia (pC02 - 60-80 mm Hg) the signal of capillary blood flow is registered with non-constant venous component domination.

The objective was to assess microvascular functional changes in apparently healthy patients of different ages. 82 patients were involved in the study and divided into 2 groups. The first group consisted of patients aged 20-40 years old (n=38; mean age 29.0±1.14 years) and the second group of patients aged 41-60 years old (n=44; mean age 49.7±0.9 years). Male/female ratio in two groups was equal. Microcirculation (MC) was assessed by Laser Doppler Flowmetry. The study showed that active regulatory mechanisms of microcirculation were reduced with age due to endothelial and myogenic components. In the older group there were detected the decrease of tissue hemoperfusion reserve and arteriolar-venular blood shunting activation indicated the reduction of microvascular efficiency.Based on the results of correlation analysis, the authors conclude that microcirculation changes founded during the study may be associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism shifts that reflect the development of pathology in nonclinical stage.

The authors presented immediate results of surgical treatment of patients with concomitant coronary and carotid arteries, which is hemodynamically significant. Since 2000 till 2012, 61 patients with concomitant atherosclerotic coronary and brachiocephalic arteries underwent one-stage operation. All patients were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (21 patients, who underwent coronary bypass surgery combined with simultaneous stenting of the internal carotid artery), Group 2 (40 patients, who underwent coronary bypass surgery with carotid endarterectomy). In assessing intraoperative parameters revealed that in Group 1 the mean duration of surgery was lower (177.4±5.3 minutes vs. 271.6±5.6 minutes in Group 2) (p <0.001); and cardiopulmonary bypass time was less than in Group 2 (77.1±4.4 minutes vs. 113.2±4.1 minutes) (p<0.001). In Group 1 duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation was less than in Group 2 (9.29±1.7 h vs. 25.0±4.6 h) (p <0.01). Also in Group 1 was shorter duration of stay in the resuscitation department (24.1±3.8 h vs. 81.8±7.7 h in Group 2) (p<0.001). Overall hospital mortality was 12.5 % (5 patients), all the dead belonged to Group 2. The cause of death in three cases was acute myocardial infarction, one patient died from progressive multiple organ failure on the background of a stroke, and another cause of death was thrombosis of the mesenteric artery with the development of gangrene of the intestine and peritonitis. In the structure of hospital complications prevalent heart failure (14.3 and 57.5 % for Group 1 and 2, respectively, p <0.05). When analyzing the frequency and structure of other postoperative complications significant differences between groups were found. Our study demonstrates that the use of surgical treatments for patients with hemodynamically significant stenoses of the coronary and brachiocephalic arteries can increase overall survival in patients suffering from this disease, and reduce the incidence of ischemic coronary and cerebral circulation. A hybrid method of treatment for arteries of different vascular pools may be an alternative to carotid endarterectomy and coronary artery bypass, especially in patients with high surgical risk.

The details of microcirculation in the subchondral zone of tibial epiphysis have been studied in 26 patients with gonarthrosis. It has been determined the registration of microcirculatory blood flow with predominantly arteriolar and capillary filling in the subchondral zone of tibial epiphysis in patients with gonarthrosis. The parameters of blood flow are interconnected with a stage of pathology process development, a degree of subchondral bone tissue sclerosis, manifestation of pain syndrome intensity, instability character and a degree of gait disorder. The greater degree of pathological process decompensation, that of worsening of patient's functional condition and pain intensity increase, the higher blood flow parameters.

According to the follow-up data of the 130 patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, the high risk patients of restenosis were specified. It was found that the tumor necrosis factor-alpha elevated blood serum levels have a negative prognostic value of postoperative restenosis.

Modern methods of cerebral and central hemodynamic monitoring used in the article have shown no change in intracranial blood flow (according to linear blood flow velocity and pulsatility index in both middle cerebral arteries) in patients with parasagittal meningiomas during compression of scalp veins. This indicates low functional significance of scalp veins for cerebral blood flow in the presence of venous rerouting due to invasion of the superior sagittal sinus.

Presence of concomitant anal canal pathology (anal fissure, rectum intrashincteral fistula) is contraindication for miniinvasive treatment. Thereby new methods development of miniinvasive treatment is carrying out.

The goal of this study was to see association between cognitive function and leptin among patients with arterial hypertension and obesity. In the study, it was demonstrated that in patients with arterial hypertension, obesity and cognitive impairments the level of leptin was higher as compared with patients without cognitive disorders. Increase of leptin may be one of the mechanisms of the development of cognitive disorders in this category of patients.

Observational data about patients after Acute Coronary Syndrome during 1 after hospital dischargesubmitted. Elevated risk rate of hemorrhagic complications as well as stent restenoses and rethromboses in patients undergone intracoronary interventions and necessity of scrupulous following to physician's recommendations confirmed. Mentioned cohort's of patients specific feature is high compliance to dual antiplatelet therapy as well as statins. They are needed in permanent cardiologist's management.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and represents a challenge for the healthcare system, mainly because of the life-threatening complications. Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of vascular complications in the patients with diabetes mellitus. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is generally known as a marker of cardiovascular risk which may be also involved in diabetes mellitus. The results of the studies on the role of ADMA in the patients with diabetes mellitus remain controversial. In this review, we summarize recent data on the relationship between ADMA levels and endothelial dysfunction resulting in vascular complications of diabetes mellitus.

Using Color Doppler, Power Doppler and Impulse dopplerography we developed a scheme of the blood supply of rat's eye and studied principal parameters of the blood flow. We detected the peculiarity of the blood flow in rat's eye in the experimental model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, the monitoring continued 12 months. The strongly pronounced changes were detected in inferior ophthalmic artery. Reduction of all blood flow parameters in central retinal artery, central retinal vein and posterior long ciliary arteries was detected. Increasing of the resistance index during the whole research period was registered. The findings indicate a beginning of hemodynamic malfunction before the clinical signs of retinal lesion by the rats with hyperglycemia.

Red blood cells may regulate tissue circulation and O2 delivery by releasing the vasodilators ATP and NO in response to hypoxia. RBCs may act as sensors of tissue O2 requirements via their degree of hemoglobin deoxygenation. In this study we investigated the influence of known vasodilators (adenosine, ADP and NO donor (SPER/NO) on rheological blood properties in norm and in chronic heart failure. Elevation of blood fluidity in presence of the studied substances in norm as well as in chronic heart failure was due to the optimization of microrheological properties of erythrocytes (an increase of their deformability and decrease of aggregability).

Now questions of preventive maintenance and treatment of nephritic complications of sharp surgical diseases are one of the most actual in branches of anesthesiology and resuscitation, intensive therapy and surgery. Insufficient efficiency of preventive and medical actions of nephritic dysfunction at sharp impassability of a small intestine is in many respects caused by absence of the decision of some question of the mechanism of occurrence of this terrible complication of the basic disease. Changes of tubules of a kidney at sharp impassability of a small intestine are studied, while changes in a vascular link of kidneys at this disease haven't found sufficient reflection in the accessible literature. There are no data on dynamics of changes of a vascular channel of kidneys in development of different kinds of sharp impassability of a small intestine. Revealing of morphological changes in nephritic little bodies in dynamics of development of disease will allow to develop well-founded therapy for preventive maintenance and treatment of nephritic insufficiency at sharp impassability of a small intestine, to establish possibility of convertibility of these changes and restoration of function of kidneys after disease elimination.

The work addresses neuroprotectoral action of Lornoxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on rats with modeled ischemic insult (OMCA) and ischemic insult complicated with reperfusion injury (OMCA+RI). In the first case we irreversibly coagulated the medial cerebral artery and the frontal vein; in the latter case two carotid arteries were clamped in addition to OMCA and reperfused in one hour. Lornoxicam was injected intravenously 20 minutes after the beginning of ischemia and intra-abdominally 24 and 72 hours later. A dosage of 230 mkg/kg recommended for humans was used. Possible protective action of the drug was studied 28 days after OMCA in each experimental group of N=3 species. We have observed three main morphological effects of Lornoxicam: 1) Lornoxicam induced 25-40 % reduction of cerebral cortex necrosis size both for rats with OMCA and with OMCA+RI; 2) neuroglial index was significantly reduced in 28 days after the surgery due to increase in number of survived neurons in the penumbra area; 3) the volume of neuron nuclei significantly increased for animals with insult.