Much attention to date is giving to the activity of P2Y₁-receptors of platelets and P2Y₁-mediated mechanism of aggregation as a potential promising target for the creation of new antiplatelet drugs. This is explained by the fact that activation of this receptor on the platelet membrane, resulting in the initiation stage of the contact activation of cells - reversible phase of aggregation. Proved the key role of P2Y₁-receptors in the regulation of the aggregation process, in increasing resistance to thrombosis, in reducing bleeding time indicates the expediency and scientific interest in the search and study of antagonists of these receptors as potential antiplatelet drugs with a novel mechanism of action - inhibition of P2Y₁-mediated reversible phase of platelet aggregation. This review describes the molecular structure of the P2Y₁-receptor, mechanism of P2Y₁-mediated platelet activation and aggregation, the mechanisms of interaction with secondary signaling systems. We describe the physiological role of this receptor. Submitted the characteristics of the most studied to date antagonists of P2Y₁-receptor as potential new antiplatelet agents.

The research results according to gender of patients with coronary artery disease (n=402) admitted to hospital for surgery. Using the method of laser Doppler flowmetry has been studied microvascular reactivity of peripheral microcirculatory blood flow of the upper extremities. It is established pronounced sexual dimorphism: level of microcirculation and dispersion were significantly higher in women with coronary heart disease, at the same time index of vascular reactivity was higher in males.

Color Doppler Imaging (CDI) was used to measure the circulatory parameters in the ophthalmic arteries, central retinal and posterior ciliary of 40 eyes with primary regmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), depending on the initial stages of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and the postoperative course. The circulatory parameters are different at stages of PVR A, B, C1, C2. Postoperative local and diffuse progression of PVR has distinctive features of the circulatory parameters. Risk factors of postoperative PVR are identified. CDI is informative for the prediction of postoperative course in surgery of the RRD.

The results of 3-years prospective study of the dynamics of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) after weight loss intervention in patients with abdominal obesity (AO) were represented. 158 patients 30-55 years oldwith AO were randomized in 2 groups of treatment: diet (n=79) and combination of diet and physical training (n=79). Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, lipid, carbohydrate profiles, C-reactive protein level were measured before and after a 3-years outpatient intervention program. Carotid IMT was determined by standard method using B-mode ultrasound. Carotid IMT was enlarged in patients with AO compared to people with normal weight (0.87±0.02 mm and 0.57±0.02 mm, p<0.0001). 47 % patients with AO had signs of atherosclerosis. Weight reduction was associated with decreasing of carotid IMT only in patients after the combination therapy of obesity (p=0.001) and didn't change after diet. Carotid IMT had a tendency to increase in patients with weight gain (p=0.07). The decreasing of carotid IMT was associated with improving anthropometric parameters and lipid profile.

Functional reserves of the feet microcirculatory blood flow were studied in 118 patients with multifocal atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease depending on the severity of circulatory hypoxia. It is shown that the development of circulatory hypoxia is accompanied not only by changes in the provision of an adequate blood supply through the main vessels, but also a reduction in microcirculation at rest, and a significant decrease in microvascular blood flow reserves.

This study presents a method of intraperitoneal microdialysis based on detection of major markers of ischemic tissue (glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glutamate, glycerol) in the extra-cellular fluid obtained intrasurgically through the intra-abdominal catheter, at the region of gastro-intestinal anastomoses. Evaluation of the biochemical substances concentration at the surgery area allows preclinical detection of possible anastomotic leakage and it also allows to determine a prevention therapy for tissue ischemia. Particularly, this work is focused on the authors' first-time experience when using intraperitoneal microdialylsis for the detection of visceral ischemia in the area of biliodigestive and pancreatodigestive anastomoses.

The article is devoted to value of reactive hyperemia - one the most important regulation mechanism of blood circulation at two peripheral arteriopathy. One of them is acute arterial embolism and another is arteriosclerosis obliterans. There are likenesses and differences of the phenomenon of reactive hyperemia in clinical presentations. This likenesses and differences are detected It may make changes at diagnostic and treatment programme. This findings bring there value into physiology and pathophsiology of peripheral blood circulation.

The article contains results approbation radiopharmaceutical «Yodofen» that is used to complex evaluation of myocardium in patients with valvular heart disease before and after surgery. The study involved 10 patients, 8 of them after surgical treatment of valvular heart disease. The study included perfusion and metabolic (capture fatty acids) gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with radiopharmaceuticals «Tehnetril» and «Yodofen» respectively. In patients with valvular heart disease in the functional state of rest has been a violation of perfusion, metabolism of fatty acids and regional left ventricular contractility, which may persist after surgical correction of valvular heart disease. SPECT with the RP «Yodofen» can be used in patients with valvular heart disease in order to assess the state of myocardial metabolism before and after surgical treatment.

Arterial pressure was measured and recorded in 16 male Vistar-Kyoto rats in acute experiments directly and simultaneously in carotid and femoral arteries before, during and after intravenous injections of adrenaline and sodium nitroprusside. Following the computer Fourier analysis of pressure curves, transfer functions were created between the pressure curves in carotid and femoral arteries for the action of both implied pharmacological agents. High correlation level between systemic arterial pressure values obtained directly and reconstructed via transfer functions confirm the possibility for implication of the model approach for noninvasive control of systemic arterial pressure during its transitive changes.

Histamine and serotonin stimulate the rate of lymphatic vessel pumping by the increasing cytosolic Ca²⁺ concentration. Histamine increases the movement of Ca²⁺ through plasma membrane ligand or voltage gated Ca²⁺ channels and thorough release of Ca²⁺ from internal IP₃-sensitive stores. Serotonin in low concentrations increases the movement of Ca²⁺ through plasma membrane ligand or voltage gated Ca²⁺ channels and the movement of Ca²⁺ from internal IP₃-sensitive stores and in higher concentrations use also ryanodine sensitive stores.

Over the past few years, it has become evident that microRNA is involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function. The continuous refinement of the techniques of microRNA purification and analysis has allowed the identification of these molecules not only in the cells, but also in the different biological fluids. Despite the fact that the mechanisms of microRNA release into the biological fluids as well as the functions of extracellular microRNA remain largely unexplored, the number of publications on the use of circulating microRNAs as biomarkers of various pathological processes is increasing. In this review, we discuss the methods of quantitative determination of circulating microRNA and summarize recent data on increased levels of certain microRNAs in the blood in response to myocardial ischemia.

Drug that inhibits thromboxane A2 synthesis is used to reduce platelet aggregation. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor ("Ozagrel") and a cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibitor (acetylsalicylic acid) on platelet aggregation. The techniques used in this in vitro study were platelet aggregometry in whole blood. The effect of specific blockage of thromboxane synthetase "Ozagrel" can surpass the effect of acetylsalicylic acid in inhibiting the collagen and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation. Thus, the combination of a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and of a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor may have some clinical perspective.

Study of gender differences in thromboresictance of vascular wall was carried out in rats using a model of laser-induced photothrombosis with Bengal Rose, a photosensitizer dye.